2. 考研
  3. [A] The hormone levels in the chimps’ urine showed that, perhaps unsurprisingly, they tended to be more stressed when they encou

[A] The hormone levels in the chimps’ urine showed that, perhaps unsurprisingly, they tended to be more stressed when they encou

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问题    [A] The hormone levels in the chimps’ urine showed that, perhaps unsurprisingly, they tended to be more stressed when they encountered, or thought they had encountered, animals from other groups. But the research also showed that the social relationships appeared to limit stress all the time, not just in the most stressful situations. This suggests it is important for chimps to have "bond partners" with whom they regularly engage in friendly and cooperative behavior and rarely are aggressive toward.
   [B] The researchers watched wild chimpanzees at a long-established Ugandan field site, Sonso, over two years, noting a range of aggressive and affiliative social interactions. This included times when the animals were resting and grooming each other, and when they saw or heard members of other chimp groups. The researchers measured the chimps’ stress levels by extensively collecting urine samples to test for the presence of glucocorticoids.
   [C] It is easy to mentally replace the chimpanzees in this study with humans, and use the term "friends" instead of "bond partners". We all identify that hard times are easier with a friendly shoulder to cry on. Even in a day-to-day context, our lives are that little bit brighter when we know our friends are there.
   [D] A newly published article in Nature Communications looks into two possible mechanisms behind the way social bonds act as a buffer to stress in chimpanzees. The researchers looked at two contrasting theories: whether "bond partners" (the chimpanzee equivalent of friends) just make particularly stressful times less so, or whether the effects of this partnership are felt throughout the day.
   [E] This paper reveals that the construction and maintenance of such close social bonds with others has significant, measurable benefits for the physical and mental well-being of chimpanzees, and is regulated at a physiological level. Not only could this help further our understanding of the evolution of human social behavior, but it may also influence the way we face and tackle both physical illnesses and mental health problems across human communities.
   [F] It appears that both in and out of stressful situations, the daily presence of bond partners actually regulates the system that manages the body’s hormones, reducing an individual’s overall stress. While active support of a bond partner reduces glucocorticoid levels the most, their mere presence also leads to less stress. Although not proven in this study, the authors believe that oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone", may be responsible for this regulation. More generally, this hormone balance may also help improve the immune system, cardio function, fertility, mood and even cognition.
   [G] To create a potentially stressful situation, an experienced field assistant waited until small groups of the chimps were near their territory borders and then drummed on the large root buttresses of trees. This replicated the drumming sounds chimps make to communicate within and between social groups. The aim was to see how these drumming encounters were perceived by individual chimps depending on their social support.
   
选项
答案D
解析 A和E的位置已经给出，不必考虑。B和C首句分别含特指表达The researchers和the chimpanzees in this study，这些表述均需有上文交代，故B、C不可能是首段。F开头的It appears that意为“看来，似乎是”，通常用于引出结果、推论，故F也不是第一段。G讲如何创造让大猩猩感到有压力的实验情景，是关于研究过程的具体描述，缺乏对研究或实验的必要简介，也不适合放在首段。D引入一篇研究论文，简要介绍该论文的概况，点出了其主要研究的内容，符合文章首段开篇引题的特点，故本题选D。
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