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  3. Everyone arriving at a hospital’s emergency room (ER) wishes to be seen quickly, but for stroke patients it can be a matter of l

Everyone arriving at a hospital’s emergency room (ER) wishes to be seen quickly, but for stroke patients it can be a matter of l

admin2015-07-05  29
问题     Everyone arriving at a hospital’s emergency room (ER) wishes to be seen quickly, but for stroke patients it can be a matter of life or death. The most common stroke involves a blood clot blocking vessels in the brain, killing brain cells nearby almost immediately. Luckily, an effective treatment exists. Thrombolytic (溶解血栓的) therapy uses drugs to dissolve the clot and restore the flow of blood. If started within a couple of hours of a stroke occurring, it can limit brain damage and reduce long-term disability. Neurologists even have a catchphrase for this: "time is brain".
    Understandably, hospitals strive to identify stroke cases and administer such medication without delay. A key step is using a computed tomography (CT) scanner to ensure that there has been no bleeding in the brain, in which case thrombolytic drugs would make things worse. The last couple of decades have seen many innovations in reducing this "time to CT".
    But in shaving seconds from medical procedures, researchers may have neglected something more important: the human element. Gal Ifergane, a neurologist at Soroka University Medical Centre in southern Israel, noticed that stroke patients who were accompanied to the ER by friends or family seemed to fare better than those who arrived alone. So for 15 months, ER staff at Soroka recorded the number of companions escorting each stroke sufferer, over 700 in all, and tracked their progress.
    The results, recently published in Medicine, tell a striking story. Stroke victims arriving with someone were more than twice as likely to be correctly diagnosed by the triage nurse, and had their CT scans performed earlier. Patients eligible for clot-busting medication also received it much faster if accompanied, although their numbers were too few for the researchers to be sure it was because they had company. The differences were far from trivial. Patients with one companion had CT scans an average of 15 minutes sooner than those unaccompanied. A second companion shaved a further 20 minutes off the wait, although three or more companions did not confer any additional benefit.
    Dr. Ifergane did not record who the companions were, however, or how they were able to reduce delays. He believes that it is probably a combination of focusing the attention of clinical staff on their loved ones, and providing basic care such as helping to move patients into bed.
    Dr. Ifergane admits that his study has limitations. The sample size was rather small and his findings may reflect cultural norms in Israel that do not apply elsewhere. But he has already tried to make changes in the way the Soroka University Medical Centre operates. " We asked our security team to allow two people to come in with stroke patients rather than just one," he says. "And we now consider stroke patients who are coming alone as a group at risk. "
    Dr. Ifergane also recommends that ERs provide a friendly " stroke liaison" to accompany lone patients during the diagnostic and treatment processes. Something other hospitals might think about, too.
What does the author mean by "time is brain" ?
选项 A、Time is almost as precious as the brain.
B、Brain damage should be repaired soon.
C、Doctors need time to study the brain.
D、Stroke need to be treated in the shortest time.
答案D
解析 语义理解题。定位句指出，如果在中风发生后的几个小时之内开始治疗，就可以将脑部损伤控制在一定程度并减少长期伤残，而神经科医生因此才说“时间就是大脑”。由此可见，这句话是指，中风需要在最短的时间内进行治疗，故答案为D)。A)“时间几乎与大脑一样珍贵”，文中并没有将时间和大脑进行比较，故排除；B)“脑部损伤应该能很快得到修复”，本段倒数第二句提到的是尽量减少脑部损伤，并未提及修复的问题，故排除；C)“医生需要时间研究脑部”，本段都是围绕中风治疗展开的，不涉及研究问题，C)与文意不符，故排除。
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