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  3. Fish are slippery characters, with little regard for international agreements or borders. The speediest can slice through the oc

Fish are slippery characters, with little regard for international agreements or borders. The speediest can slice through the oc

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问题    Fish are slippery characters, with little regard for international agreements or borders. The speediest can slice through the ocean at 70 kilometers per hour. 【F1】Their routes take them beyond areas that come under the administration of individual coastal states, and into the high sea. These wildernesses were once a shelter for migratory species. No longer.
   Under international law the high seas, which span 64% of the surface of the ocean, are defined as "the common heritage of mankind". This definition might have provided enough protection if the high seas were still beyond mankind’s reach. But the arrival of better trawlers and mapping capabilities over the past six decades has marked the beginning of a fishing free-for-all. 【F2】Deprived of a chance to build themselves up again, stocks everywhere pay the price: almost 90% are fished either to sustainable limits or beyond.
   Introducing private property rights is the classic answer to this "tragedy of the commons". That is the principle behind the exclusive rights given to coastal states to maintain territorial waters. Several regional organizations have been set up to try to manage fish stocks in the high seas. But as a result of overlapping areas of responsibility, vested interests and insufficient data, the damage continues quickly.
   A fresh approach is needed. Cutting fishing subsidies is the most urgent step. In total these come to $30 billion a year, 70% of which are doled out by richer countries. By reducing fuel costs, subsidies bring the high seas within reach for a few lucky trawlers, largely from the developed world. 【F3】Just ten countries, including America, France, and Spain, received the bulk of the bounty from high-seas catches between 2000 and 2010, even though Africa has more fishermen than Europe and the Americas combined. That is unfair and short-sighted.
   The next step is to close off more areas to fishing. As of two years ago less than 1% of the high seas enjoyed a degree of legal protection. 【F4】A review of 144 studies suggests that to preserve and restore ecosystem, 30% of the oceans should be designated as "marine protected areas". Individual countries can play their part, by creating reserves within territorial waters. But to get anywhere near that 30% share, mechanisms must be found to close off bits of the high seas, too.
   【F5】Progress towards even these limited goals, let alone more ambitious ones such as a total ban on high-seas fishing, will not be easy; the fishing industry is adept at protecting its interests. So in parallel with efforts to protect wild stocks, another push is needed: to encourage, the development of the controlled fanning of fish.
【F5】
选项
答案要想在这些有限的目标取得进展不是一件容易的事，更不用说像完全禁止公海捕鱼这样更远大的目标了。水产捕捞业擅长保护自己的利益。
解析 ①本句是由分号连接的两个简单句。②分句1的主干为Progress will not be easy，Progress后面的介词短语towards even these limited goals为后置定语，修饰Progress。第一个逗号之后的部分let alone more ambitious…high-seas fishing为插入语，该插入语中含有一个比较级more ambitious ones，其中ones指代的是上文的goals，其后的such as…是举例说明more ambitious ones包含的内容。③分句2中adept意为“熟练的，擅长的”，此处is adept at意为“擅长……”。
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