2. 外语
  3. You know Styrofoam (泡沫聚苯乙烯，俗称泡沫塑料). It’s so bad for the environment that small, liberal cities have been banning it for decades.

You know Styrofoam (泡沫聚苯乙烯，俗称泡沫塑料). It’s so bad for the environment that small, liberal cities have been banning it for decades.

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问题     You know Styrofoam (泡沫聚苯乙烯，俗称泡沫塑料). It’s so bad for the environment that small, liberal cities have been banning it for decades. Now big cities such as New York and Washington, D.C., are contemplating the same.
    Except that you don’t really know Styrofoam. The real STYROFOAM TM has never been used to hold food and beverage containers, which are made out of the less insulative (绝缘的) and moisture-resistant expanded polystyrene (聚氯乙烯). And the maker of the real STYROFOAM TM, Dow Chemical, would really like everybody to stop using the term.
    "We’re doing everything we can to make sure that it’s used properly," says Tim Lacey, Dow’s business director for building solutions in the Americas.
    STYROFOAMTM was invented in 1941, and was first used the next year in a Coast Guard life raft. Now, it’s used exclusively in building insulation, to float docks and in some molds for floral arrangements. It’s often colored light blue.
    "When people see the blue dye, and they see Styrofoam, to our customers, that’s a promise that they’re going to get the people, the knowledge and the relationship," Lacey says. "We actually do make it blue for that reason."
    Protecting that brand is no small task. Lacey says Dow spends "a great deal of time and money" to do so, with a public affairs staff to keep tabs on the high-profile misuses of the term, and consultants who monitor major media outlets. They typically send out between 25 and 30 cease-and-desist letters annually. A couple years ago, during the congressional cafeteria wars over environmentally friendly plates and utensils (器皿) , they even had to send letters to House leadership asking them to please stop maligning their product. Usually, Dow says it’s an honest mistake and abusers promise to avoid the term in the future; the company has never actually taken legal action to enforce its rights.
    They can’t get everywhere, though. The Internet still abounds with Styrofoam abuse. Case in point: The Washington Post itself, whose reporter Mike DeBonis didn’t hear from Dow Chemical after unintentionally misusing the term in a Nov. 7 article about a proposed ban on foam food packaging. Then there’s Save Our Shores, a California advocacy group that heard nothing about its campaign against "Styrofoam", according to director Laura Kasa.
    Dow is actually facing a fairly common problem in intellectual property protection: "Genericide (非商标化) ", which happens when a product becomes so universal that people use it to refer to all products in the category, like the brand names Kleenex and Band-Aid now apply respectively to facial tissue and small adhesive bandages. If the original trademark holder doesn’t make a serious attempt to police it, the mark could lose protection altogether.
Which is a case of Genericide according to the passage?
选项 A、Soda is used to refer to all bottled water.
B、Coke is used to define carbonated beverage.
C、Band-Aid applies to small adhesive bandages.
D、Chanel applies to classic perfume.
答案C
解析 语义题。根据题干可定位到原文最后一段第一句。该句指出Genericide指的是某种产品由于太普遍而被用于指代该类所有产品，对比四个选项，苏打水并不特指瓶装水，可乐也不特指碳酸饮料，香奈儿更不是香水代称，只有C项符合该段首句中所举的例子“就像品牌名Kleenex(舒洁纸巾)和Band—Aid(创可贴)现在分别泛指面巾纸和小胶布绷带”的内容，故选C。
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