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  3. What we need is a "Culture of Tolerance", a way to reconcile the need for identity with an open and outward-looking spirit. Tole

What we need is a "Culture of Tolerance", a way to reconcile the need for identity with an open and outward-looking spirit. Tole

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问题     What we need is a "Culture of Tolerance", a way to reconcile the need for identity with an open and outward-looking spirit. Tolerance does not mean indifference towards those we see as "others" than ourselves, towards their culture and religion, background or origin. Tolerance requires that we have some knowledge arid understanding of these others.
    When familiar structures disappear, borders become irrelevant and the language of the market invades every aspect of dally life, people increasingly look to their cultural roots. They seek to reassert their identity-in terms of language, ethnic origin, religion or cultural heritage. To want to know who and what you are is a natural and very powerful human need. It is a need, I believe, responsible leaders should respond to, got suppress, because only the right kind of response will prevent people from turning to the false and dangerous supporter of nationalism, fundamentalism or xenophobia. However—and this is crucial— responsible leaders must resist the temptation to exploit this need for their own purposes. The frightening scenario of escalating cultural conflict in a world of soon seven billion people should be a strong incentive for all of us to look for practical ways to foster cooperation.
    We are required to provide honest answers to tough questions which I do not want to suppress. What are different religious groups ready to contribute to this joint effort? Is there a readiness to seriously discuss the tensions and contradictions that arise from a strict interpretation of different religions on the one hand and fundamental human rights as we understand them on the other? Can we reach a consensus on the rights of women, on their full participation in society, on their equal right to education and training? Is there a broad consensus to unambiguously condemn any religious justification of suicide attacks? Can we work together to find a peaceful and just agreement on the question of Jerusalem, thereby resolving one of the most difficult issues of the Middle East conflict? An agreement which will provide a peaceful solution that satisfies all the faithful, one that is worthy of the three great religions? Those are questions we cannot evade if we are serious about preventing cultural and political faultiness.
    We must engage in a dialogue among civilizations, a commitment to the peaceful resolution of differences, to tolerance and mutual respect. That is a challenge that requires a clear understanding, however, of our own fundamental values, values we must defend but also live up to.
    Our world will always be defined by the diversity of our societies and cultural traditions. If there is respect and tolerance for our differences, they will enrich all our lives. But if such differences are exploited for political ends, they may cause untold harm.
    What is the real meaning of tolerance and dialogue in this whole process? This dialogue can only succeed, if Orient and Occident engage in it on equal terms. Tolerance, then, means respecting the fact that civilizations are different. Dialogue, as I see it, means seeking a common understanding of those values that will guide us through the twenty-first century.
    This kind of "intercultural dialogue" is a very ambitious goal. To achieve it, we must all begin work at home, within our own societies. We for our part are striving to develop and practice the kind of tolerance I have described. That needs time and in some cases requires difficult judgments.
    Once we have reached a clear and solid consensus on those values we hold in common, it is up to political leaders to endorse these rights. They must defend this spirit of openness in society, defend it against the modem fundamentalisms that seek to impose their own absolute truths. For me, this also means people must be free to practice their religion. The way minorities are treated is the true test of the "culture of tolerance" for which I am calling. True tolerance is an expression of self-confidence, not weakness.
    It is only when we succeed with this dialogue within our societies, that we can really reap the fruits of a dialogue between our societies. This dialogue is a serious effort to resolve social and political differences, an effort that includes mutual respect for each other’s way of life but excludes any resort to violence. Let us make a real effort to ’move away from "a culture of lecturing each other" to "a culture of learning from each other".
    That is what we must work for, each one of us beginning in our own country yet also all together.
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答案 我们需要的是一种“宽容的文化”，一种与人们认同开放的外向型精神需求相适应的方法。宽容不是指对那些我们认为是“其他人”的人漠不关心，也不是对他们的文化、宗教、背景与起源漠然置之。宽容需要我们了解并理解这些“其他人”。 当熟悉的体制不复存在，国界变得无关紧要，市场语言侵入日常生活的各个层面，此时，人们就愈加关注自己的文化根基。他们试图通过语言、种族起源、宗教或文化遗产重新确定身份。想知道自己是谁、从事什么职业是人类的天性，也是人类非常强烈的需求。对于这种需求，我相信，负责任的领导应该有所回应，而不是压制，因为只有正确的回应才能阻止人们转向民族主义、原教旨主义和排外主义等错误的、危险的倡导者。然而，非常关键的是负责任的领导必须抵制诱惑，拒绝利用这种需要达到自己的目的。在一个即将拥有70亿人口的世界里，可怕的、逐步升级的文化冲突迫切要求我们寻求切实可行的方法以促进合作。 我们要对那些棘手的问题给予诚实的回答，对于这些问题我无意回避。如不同的宗教团体准备对这种共同努力有何贡献?我们是否准备认真讨论因对不同教义的严格阐释而引起的紧张与矛盾，同时也认真讨论对基本人权的理解?我们是否能够就妇女的权利，其真正参与社会活动的权利、平等接受教育和培训的权利等问题达成共识?我们能否就明确谴责任何以宗教理由进行自杀性攻击达成共识?我们是否能够共同努力，就耶路撒冷问题达成和平的、公正的协议，从而解决中东冲突中最激烈的争端之一?寻求一种会使所有忠诚的人们都满意的和平解决方法，一种与三大宗教同样有意义的解决方法?如果我们要严肃地防止文化和政治缺陷，我们不能回避这些问题。 我们必须在不同文明之间展开对话，并承诺和平解决争端、互相宽容和尊重。这也是一种挑战，它要求我们清楚地理解自己的根本价值观，那些我们必须捍卫同时也要遵守的价值观。 我们的世界总是以我们社会和文化传统的多样性为特征的。如果对我们之间的不同给子尊重和宽容，这些差异将会丰富我们的生活。但是如果这些差异为政治目的所利用，它们可能会带来无法预料的损害。 那么，在整个过程中，什么才是真正的宽容和对话呢?只有东西方平等参与对话，对话才有可能成功。因此，宽容意味着要尊重不同文明之间存在差异这样一个事实。我认为，对话是要寻求共同理解那些将指引我们走过21世纪的价值观。 这种“跨文化的对话”是一个雄心勃勃的目标。要达到这个目标，我们所有人必须从我们自己的国家，从我们自己的社会开始努力。我们正在努力提倡并实践我所描述的那种宽容。这需要时间，在一些情况下难以判断。 一旦我们就那些共同拥有的价值观达成明确、可靠的共识，政治领导人就有责任实现这些权利。他们必须捍卫社会中这种开放精神，抵御那种试图强迫人们接受其绝对真理的现代原教旨主义。对我来说，这也意味着人们必须有信仰自由。对待少数群体的态度是对我所倡导的“宽容的文化”的真正检验。真正的宽容是自信的表现，而非软弱。 只有当我们在自己的社会中成功地展开了这种对话，我们在不同社会之间的对话才能取得成功。这种对话是解决社会和政治分歧的真诚努力，一种对各自生活方式的相互尊重、决不诉诸暴力的努力。让我们付出真正的努力，放弃“互相谴责的文化”，接受“互相学习的文化”。 这就是我们必须努力的方向，让我们每一个人从我们自己的国家开始，共同努力吧。
解析     本文是一段有关文化方面的讲话。文中主要介绍“宽容的文化”，反对民族主义、原教旨主义和排外主义，呼吁人们做出共同努力，提倡文化的多元性，促进不同文化间的对话和理解。
    本文要求应试者掌握一定的国际政治和文化交流的常识，了解一些相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分，把握好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。
    -基本素质采分点
    以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者理解和翻译的基础。
    1．Culture of Tolerance    宽容的文化
    2．nationalism             民族主义
    3．fundamentalism          原教旨主义
    4．xenophobia              排外主义
    -结构理解采分点
    下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在听的过程中迅速理解并分析出句子中所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，并尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在这个转换的过程中，应试者经常需要经历诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。
1．Tolerance does not mean indifference towards those we see as "others" than ourselves, towards their culture and religion, background or origin.
    原句主干是：“Tolerance does not mean indifference”。“indifference”是抽象名词，后面有两个“towards”引导的介词结构，表示对象。英语中这种抽象名词十分常见，而汉语中却多使用动词结构，如“对……漠不关心”、“对……漠然置之”。由于两个“towards”引导的宾语十分复杂，翻译时，可以重复“indifference”，把它们分开说比较好。第一个“towards”引导的短语中又包含一个修饰“those”的关系从句，可把它翻译成短语放到先行词前面作前置定语。
2．It is a need, I believe, responsible leaders should respond to, not suppress, because only the right kind of response will prevent people from turning to the false and dangerous supporter of nationalism, fundamentalism or xenophobia.
    原句主句十分简单“it is a need”，后面有一个省略了关系代词的关系从句，修饰的先行词是“need”。翻译时，由于关系从句较长，可将其作为一个主谓结构与主句并排。由“because”引导的原因状语从句中，由“of”引导复杂的后置修饰语，翻译时应当变成前置定语。
3．We are required to provide honest answers to tough questions which I do not want to suppress.
    原句包含一个由“which”引导的关系从句，修饰的先行词是“questions”。翻译时，可在从句中补充出先行词，使其变成一个主谓结构，与主句并排即可。
4．That is a challenge that requires a clear understanding, however, of our own fundamental values, values we must defend but also live up to.
    原句的主于是“That is a challenge”，其后紧跟着一个由“that”引导的关系从句，修饰的先行词是“challenge”。翻译时，可以选择在从句中补充出先行间，使其独立为一个分句；英语中经常使用静态的抽象名词表示动态的意义，如“a clear understanding of”，可译成汉语中的动词词组；另外，关系从句中还包含一个由“that”引导的关系从句，修饰“values”，可以翻译成短语放到所修饰词的前面。
5．This dialogue is a serious effort to resolve social and political differences, an effort that includes mutual respect for each other’s way of life but excludes any resort to violence.
    原句为简单句，主干为“this dialogue is a serious effort”，后面的一个由“that”引导的关系从句对“effort”进行进一步解释，其中包含两个并列的谓语“includes”和“excludes”。翻译时，关键要把关系从句翻译成短语并调整为所修饰词的前置定语，以符合汉语的习惯。
    -言语表达采分点
    应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构和意思，还需要从微观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。
    1．indifference towards                    对……漠不关心、漠然置之
    2．look to                                 关注
    3．in terms of                             在……方面
    4．joint effort                            共同努力
    5．reach a consensus on                    达成共识
    6．live up to                              实现
    7．for political ends                      为政治目的
    8．intercultural dialogue                  跨文化对话
    9．a culture of lecturing each other       互相谴责的文化
    10．a culture of learning from each other  互相学习的文化
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