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  3. Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious(不知不觉间恶化

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious(不知不觉间恶化

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问题     Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious(不知不觉间恶化的，潜伏的) form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
    It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
    Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world’ s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
    Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
    The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their rewards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists(谋职者名单) for job interviews, election ballot(投票，选票)papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn alphabetically, and their recipient lose interest as they plough through them.
What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
选项 A、A kind of overlooked inequality.
B、A type of conspicuous bias.
C、A type of personal prejudice.
D、A kind of brand discrimination.
答案A
解析 推断题。题目问的是作者提到AAAA Cars汽车公司和Zodiac Cars汽车公司是什么原因。定位到第二段第一句，可知众所周知，当顾客翻阅电话号码簿时，AAAA Cars的汽车出租车相对Zodiac Cars汽车公司的优势是显而易见的。再定位到第一段第二句：但是有一种隐蔽的形式还在持续：字母顺序歧视。所以作者是为了说明一种隐蔽的歧视，故选A。
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