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  3. (1)Greece is a land of rugged mountains, shady olive trees, more varieties of wildflowers man any other European country, and is

(1)Greece is a land of rugged mountains, shady olive trees, more varieties of wildflowers man any other European country, and is

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问题     (1)Greece is a land of rugged mountains, shady olive trees, more varieties of wildflowers man any other European country, and islands scattered like jewels across a brilliant blue sea. According to ancient mythology, in a war between gods, the Titans tore the tops from mountains, using them as weapons. The rocky peaks fell into the sea, thus creating the many islands of Greece. Mymology, history, and folklore have shaped me way people think in this ancient land; me land itself has shaped their way of life.
    (2)Greece is believed to have been first settled around 3000 B.C., when invaders swept down from me north. They failed to reach me island of Crete, home of me Minoans. A literate, advanced civilization with its own hieroglyphic style of writing, me Minoans lived in luxurious cities and palaces. They even had flush toilets, hot and cold running water, and thermal heating. In 1400 B.C., a volcanic eruption on the nearby island of Thera caused earthquakes and tidal waves mat destroyed the Minoan civilization. Mainland Greece became the major Mediterranean sea power.
    (3)Around 1200 B.C., the Greeks began forming city-states called polis. Each had its own rulers, army, and individual type of government. Our own democracy is based on the style of government Athens had at that time.
    (4)The Classical Period began in the fifth century B.C. Although Greece led the world in science, culture, and the arts, the city-states fought violently among themselves. In 338 B.C., Philip of Macedonia conquered the Greek city-states. His son, Alexander the Great, enlarged the empire, introducing Greek culture to the lands he conquered.
    (5)Over the next 2,000 years, from 145 B.C. onward, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks ruled Greece in succession. Although Greece gained its independence from Turkey in 1830, other outsiders invaded Greece; within the country, there was unrest among the Greeks themselves. Finally, in 1974, Greece rejected its military government and monarchy and became a democratic republic.
    (6)Greece is divided into regions and island groups. The landscape has always shaped its people, the way they live, where they live, and the type of work they do. No one lives more than 60 miles from the sea Because of the rugged terrain and dry, rocky soil, agriculture is restricted to one third of the land. Transportation is difficult, and more than nine thousand islands, "flowers of marble" are scattered across three seas—the Mediterranean, Ionian, and Aegean. Only 169 of these islands are inhabited.
    (7)Farmland is limited, yet half of the Greek population works in agriculture. For a long time, agricultural produce such as olives, figs, raisins, tobacco, sugar, and wheat were the country’s most valuable assets. The bare, rocky land is perfect for growing olive trees. Farms, however, are small. Often three generations share both a home and the farm chores. Today, the government is encouraging farmers to specialize. Exporting the additional produce would provide added revenue for Greece.
    (8)Greece has some of the world’s richest ship owners; its merchant fleet is the sixth largest in the world. In villages along the coast and on the islands, a great many other Greeks earn their living from the sea. Using open, single-mast wooden fishing boats known as caiques, whole families are involved with the sea. Once, sponge fishing was a vital industry. Unfortunately, as more people buy man-made, less expensive sponges, the market for natural sponges is dying out.
    (9)Many Greeks work in the tourist industry. Spectacular historic sites abound on the mainland, while the islands, in particular, draw people from all over the world. In summer, ferries constantly ply the waters among them. Many of the islands have beautiful beaches, windmills and snow-white streets like pictures. Some, such as Mikonos, are golden and dry; others, such as Corfu, are green and tree—filled. The sun is hot, the sky a clear, sparkling blue.
    (10)The climate, a combination of Mediterranean(warm wet winters and hot dry summers)and European(hot, muggy summers and cold snowy winters), affects all three industries—agriculture, fishing, and tourism. Athens can be 100 degrees Fahrenheit in the shade in July and August. In summer, melterni, or strong winds, cause rough seas, affecting both fishing and ferryboats.
    (11)One third of the population lives and works in the bustling, modern, capital city of Athens. However, in rural Greece, particularly the more remote villages, the traditional way of life has not changed for centuries. Donkeys are still an important means of transportation, everyone knows everyone else, the older women swathe themselves from head to toe in black In the evenings, people gather at tables and chairs in the main square to chat, sip ouzo(an anise drink), or play backgammon. For centuries, father time has stood still in this beautiful country.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Classical Period of Greece?
选项 A、Greece had advanced science, culture, and the arts.
B、The empire witnessed violent fights among the city states.
C、It began when the Minoan civilization was destroyed.
D、Greek culture was introduced to other lands.
答案C
解析 第2段提到，弥诺斯人的文明古国于公元前1400年被摧毁，而第4段提到，希腊的古典时期开始于公元前5世纪。C不符合文意，故应选C。A、B在第4段均有提及；D在第4段末句提及，亚历山大帝将希腊文明传到被他征服的国家的时期仍属于希腊的古典时期，故均不选。
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