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  3. Fish are slippery characters, with little regard for international agreements or borders. The speediest can slice through the oc

Fish are slippery characters, with little regard for international agreements or borders. The speediest can slice through the oc

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问题    Fish are slippery characters, with little regard for international agreements or borders. The speediest can slice through the ocean at 70 kilometers per hour. 【F1】Their routes take them beyond areas that come under the administration of individual coastal states, and into the high sea. These wildernesses were once a shelter for migratory species. No longer.
   Under international law the high seas, which span 64% of the surface of the ocean, are defined as "the common heritage of mankind". This definition might have provided enough protection if the high seas were still beyond mankind’s reach. But the arrival of better trawlers and mapping capabilities over the past six decades has marked the beginning of a fishing free-for-all. 【F2】Deprived of a chance to build themselves up again, stocks everywhere pay the price: almost 90% are fished either to sustainable limits or beyond.
   Introducing private property rights is the classic answer to this "tragedy of the commons". That is the principle behind the exclusive rights given to coastal states to maintain territorial waters. Several regional organizations have been set up to try to manage fish stocks in the high seas. But as a result of overlapping areas of responsibility, vested interests and insufficient data, the damage continues quickly.
   A fresh approach is needed. Cutting fishing subsidies is the most urgent step. In total these come to $30 billion a year, 70% of which are doled out by richer countries. By reducing fuel costs, subsidies bring the high seas within reach for a few lucky trawlers, largely from the developed world. 【F3】Just ten countries, including America, France, and Spain, received the bulk of the bounty from high-seas catches between 2000 and 2010, even though Africa has more fishermen than Europe and the Americas combined. That is unfair and short-sighted.
   The next step is to close off more areas to fishing. As of two years ago less than 1% of the high seas enjoyed a degree of legal protection. 【F4】A review of 144 studies suggests that to preserve and restore ecosystem, 30% of the oceans should be designated as "marine protected areas". Individual countries can play their part, by creating reserves within territorial waters. But to get anywhere near that 30% share, mechanisms must be found to close off bits of the high seas, too.
   【F5】Progress towards even these limited goals, let alone more ambitious ones such as a total ban on high-seas fishing, will not be easy; the fishing industry is adept at protecting its interests. So in parallel with efforts to protect wild stocks, another push is needed: to encourage, the development of the controlled fanning of fish.
【F2】
选项
答案被剥夺了再生的机会后，每个地方的鱼群都付出了代价：几乎90％的鱼被捕捞的程度达到了影响其可持续发展的界限，或已经超出了该界限。
解析 ①本句是一个复合句，包含一个同位语从句。②过去分词短语Deprived of a chance to build themselves up again充当状语，该状语的逻辑主语是句子的主语stocks，Deprived与stocks存在被动关系，意为“鱼群被剥夺……”。③冒号后面的句子为同位语从句，补充说明price，解释鱼群付出了何等代价。同位语从句中，完整的主语应是90％ of the stocks，这里省略了部分主语of the stocks。句末包含either…or…结构，意为“或是……或是……”。
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