Discoveries in science and technology are thought by many to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents: Si

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问题 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by many to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents: Sir Isaac Newton noticed the falling apple in his garden and came forth with the gravitation law. This notion is obviously not true. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. In fact, he had experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation, as well as inventions, is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

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答案 很多人认为科技发现是灵光一闪,或戏剧化事件的产物:艾萨克·牛顿爵士在花园中注意到了苹果落地,从而发现了万有引力定律。很显然,这一观点并不正确。弗莱明爵士并不如传闻所言那样,看到一片奶酪上的霉菌,在当时当地就想到(发明)了抗生素盘尼西林。事实上,他做了九年之久的抗细菌物质的实验,终于才有了他的发现。发明和革新总是来自于勤勉的“试误”实验。革新和发明就像是足球赛,即使是最好的选手也会射不进球,他们射门受阻的次数远远大于射门得分的次数。

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