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  3. It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a diff

It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a diff

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问题     It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to "place" a new acquaintance (熟人) , however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.
    In Greece, after the sixth-century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats(贵族), and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of "middle class" of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the "metics", who were freemen, though they two were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of "citizens", who were themselves divided into sub-classes.
    In the later Middle Ages, however, the development of monetary economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the "burghers" or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change ’affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.
    With the break-up of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour, and the growing power of the town burghers(公民), the commercial and professional middle class became more and more important in Europe, and the older privileged class, the landed aristocracy, began to lose some of its power.
In Paragraph 1, "criteria" most probably means ______.
选项 A、standards of judgement
B、ways
C、criticism
D、characteristic
答案A
解析 首先可以看到criteria是我们用来place(这里指评价)一个人的，另外上一句也说到了社会标准(social scale), …此我们推断criteria应该是一种尺度或标准，选项中A项认为是判断的标准，B项认为是方式，C项认为批评，D项认为是特性，很明显A符合原文意思。
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大学英语四级

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