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  3. Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economy and give assistance to

Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economy and give assistance to

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问题     Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economy and give assistance to those in need. One government proposition is to eliminate $10,000 of debt for ’economically distressed’ students. Some in US Congress have gone so far as to suggest forgiving up to $50,000 in debt per student, borrower, but does forgiving student debt, necessarily correlate to helping the economically disadvantaged?
    The answer is no. This policy is just giving money away to universities and the most affluent students in attendance. Federal Reserve data reveals that the highest-income 40 percent of households owe approximately 60 percent of outstanding student debt, while the lowest 40 percent owe just under 20 percent. This could be due to a combination of factors: students from high-income households are more likely to go to expensive colleges, less likely to receive financial aid, and more likely to have high incomes post-graduation. Plus, the majority of student debt is held by graduate degree earners, who earn approximately 25 percent more than their undergraduate counterparts. Clearly, giving free reign to banks to forgive student debt is a step in the wrong direction.
    Other proposals for broader, long-term student loan plans have some fundamental problems. One idea is to cancel student debt only for undergraduate degrees and for students making less than $125,000.
    This attempts to address the fact that Congress’ previously mentioned student loan forgiveness plan largely helps out the wealthy, but is an adverse incentive for universities to keep raising tuition and for students to choose to major in low-earning degree programs. Colleges have no reason to make their programs more affordable if they believe students will just take out more debt. And, students will feel more comfortable making the irresponsible decision to go tens of thousands of dollars in debt to major in impractical or idealistic subjects if they know their loans will be forgiven.
    This is especially concerning given the pandemic (大流行病) has rendered a college education practically worthless. Students are paying tens of thousands of dollars per year to live at home and be lectured on the Internet. Do we really want to tell colleges that they can get away with providing below-average service for an outrageous cost?
    In the case of any of these student debt plans, working-class Americans who chose not to or could not afford to go to college will be subsidizing the education of the professional class. Plumbers and retail workers will be paying for the degrees of doctors and lawyers.
    The US government’s effort to help those in debt is commendable but is this really the solution that will help the poor financially recover?
What do we learn from the Federal Reserve data?
选项 A、Approximately 60％ of student debt remains unpaid.
B、Cancelling student debt, benefits wealthy families most.
C、Forgiving student debt provides little benefit to universities.
D、Low-income families owe the biggest amount of student debt.
答案B
解析 根据题干中的Federal Reserve data定位至第2段。题目询问从美联储的数据可以了解到什么。第2段第3句提到美联储的数据显示：高收入家庭欠下约60％的未偿还学生贷款债务，而低收入家庭欠下的债务还不到20％。可看到，来自高收入家庭的学生贷款比例更高，免除学生贷款债务的政策显然对他们更有利。作者引用此数据正是为了论证其观点(第2段第2句)：这个政策无异于把钱给了富裕的在校大学生。B项“免除学生债务对富裕家庭最有利”正确。文中说高收入家庭欠下了未偿还学生贷款的60％，而A项“学生债务约有60％未偿还”说的是总的情况，明显是利用文中“60 percent”胡乱拼凑而成。C项“免除学生债务对大学几乎没有好处”与第2段第2句的表述相矛盾，该句说实行这个政策无异于把钱给了大学(giving money away to universities)，即对大学有利，排除C项。从美联储的数据可以看到，低收入家庭欠下的学生贷款比高收入家庭欠下的还要少，D项“低收入家庭欠下的学生债务最多”与原文表述矛盾。
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