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  3. [A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Gi

[A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Gi

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问题      [A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.
     [B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.
     [C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.
     [D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.
     [E]To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.
     [F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knosos), on the island of Crete, in 1900.
     [G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.

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答案C
解析 这里考查学生把握文章结构的能力。七个段落中[A]和[E]段位置已经给出，我们需要分析剩余的五个段落哪一个可以作为文章的起始段。首先，[B]段的开头为In another case，由此可以判定，在这一段前面必须要出现In one case这类的短语与之相呼应，因此，[B]段不能作为文章的起始段。[A]段主要说明了考古遗迹是以什么样的方式出现在世人面前的，在此之前的内容应该点明文章主题，将考古遗迹的发现这一内容引向读者，[C]段以设问的形式点明了考古学家对遗迹的探查，并说明survey以及test sample都是十分重要的手段，因此，[C]段最适合作为文章的起始段，故为答案。接下来，[D]段开头就是对surveys的描述，其中出现了In one case这样的说法，但排在第二段的是[A]段，无法与之呼应，故排除。[F]段首句中的however决定了它不可能作为文章第一段出现，故排除。[G]段开头点明了Ground surveys，如果将本段作为开头，而位于第二段的[A]段又提到考古遗迹是如何被发现的，前后不能连贯，故排除。
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