首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. An Overview of The Research on Amber Amb
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. An Overview of The Research on Amber Amb
admin
2015-10-07
32
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
An Overview of The Research on Amber
Amber: a fossilised tree resin, which may be produced to protect itself against 【L31】______and fungi.
Colors
usual yellow, orange, or brown
uncommon colors e.g. blue(what causes the blue color in amber is related to the occurrence of 【L32】______.)
Formation
under sustained 【L33】______and pressure
during an 【L34】______stage between resins and amber, copal is produced.
Places and Conditions
commonly found on 【L35】______e.g. in Russia
avoid exposure to 【L36】______, rain, and temperate extremes
Inclusions
Dominican amber: 1 inclusion to every 100 pieces
Baltic amber: 1 inclusion to every 【L37】______pieces
Uses and Applications
It can be used to make ornamental objects and jewelry in 【L38】______settings.
Some people believe that its powder mixed with 【L39】______cures throat, eye and ear diseases.
It has even been used as a 【L40】______material, for instance using it to create Amber Room.
【L36】
Tonight I’m going to present an overview of the research on amber. Okay, I’ll start by giving a brief introduction about amber, then talk about the formation of amber, and then describe amber’s applications in different fields.
First of all, what is amber? Amber is not a stone, but is ancient, fossilised tree resin, which is the semi-solid amorphous organic substance secreted in pockets and canals through epithelial cells of the plant. And why is resin produced? Although there are contrasting views as to why resin is produced, it is a plant’s protection mechanism. The resin may be produced to protect the tree from disease and injury inflicted by insects and fungi.
Amber occurs in a range of different colors. Besides the usual yellow, orange, and brown, other uncommon colors are also associated with it. Interestingly, blue amber, the rarest Dominican amber, is highly sought after. It is only found in Santiago, Dominican Republic. There are several theories about what causes the blue color in amber. The most common one links it to the occurrence of volcanic dust that was present when the resin was first pressed out from hymenaea protera millions of years ago.
At this point, you might be curious about how amber is formed. Molecular polymerisation, resulting from high pressures and temperatures produced by overlying sediment, transforms the resin first into copal. Sustained heat and pressure drives off terpenes and results in the formation of amber. Copal that I’ve just mentioned is also a tree resin but it hasn’t fully fossilised to amber. More generally, the term copal describes resinous substances in an intermediate stage of polymerisation and hardening between "gummier" resins and amber.
So where can we find amber? It can be found on sea shores. The main producer worldwide is Russia. In fact about 90% of the world’s available amber is located in the Kaliningrad region of Russia, which is located on the Baltic. Here, the resin is washed up on the coast after being dislodged from the ocean floor by years of water and ocean currents. However, exposure to sunlight, rain, and temperate extremes tends to disintegrate resin. This also indicates that amber is not really an ideal fossil preservative for most uses.
We’ve already learned that amber is made of tree resin. It often includes insects that were trapped within the tree many millions of years ago. A piece with a visible and well-arranged insect is generally valued much higher than simple, solid amber. One Dominican amber source reported finding a butterfly with a five-inch wing spread; this is both a large and unusual find; most butterfly specimens have no more than a two-inch wingspan. Inclusions in Dominican amber are numerous - 1 inclusion to every 100 pieces; Baltic amber contains approximately 1 inclusion to every 1,000 pieces.
Now that you have a basic knowledge of amber, I’d like to talk a bit about amber’s applications in different fields. First, amber is appreciated for its color and beauty. Good quality amber is used to manufacture ornamental objects and jewelry, for instance using a variety of exclusive first class quality natural Baltic amber with silver to make natural amber jewelry. But due to the biodegradation of Amber fossils, people with amber jewelry have to take special care of it, to ensure that the amber is not damaged.
It was previously believed that amber worn on the neck served to protect one from diseases of the throat and preserved the sound mind. Kalistrate, a famous doctor in the Roman Empire wrote that amber powder mixed with honey cures throat, eye and ear diseases, and if it is taken with water, eases stomachache. While the mystery around that use of amber has not been cleared, one thing is sure: it will help effectively to defeat small malaises.
Amber has even been used as a building material. Amber created the altar in St. Brygida Church in Gdansk, Poland. In St. Petersburg, Russia, the walls of the famous Amber Room were lined with intricate carvings and inlaid designs. This palace room is being reconstructed from photographs, and can be visited at the Catherine Palace, located in the town of Tsarskoye Selo.
And finally, the fourth use of amber is that...
选项
答案
sunlight
解析
sunlight简单送分结构再次出现,这次为三者并列。其中“rain”和“temperature extremes”已给,从而帮助我们快速定位听到答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/xMtYFFFM
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
ThegraphbelowshowsthenumberofpeopleataLondonundergroundstationfrom6:00to22:00.Writeareportforauniversityl
Somepeopleprefertospendtimewithoneortwoclosefriends.Otherschoosetospendtimewithalargenumberoffriends.
Theuniversityshouldacceptequalnumbersofmaleandfemalestudentsineverysubject.Doyouagreeordisagree?
Morethanfourdecadesago,manforthefirsttimesetfootonthemoon.Somepeoplethinkthatspaceresearchisawasteofene
Somepeoplesaythatcensorshipshouldbecancelledcompletely.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?Giveyourspeci
Thechartbelowshowsthetotalnumberofminutes(inbillions)oftelephonecallsintheUK,dividedintothreecategories,fro
Agreatnumberofpeoplethinkthatthosewithuniversityeducationshouldgethigherpaythanthosewithout,fortheybelievet
Thetablebelowshowsthenumberofmenandwomenwhoaremorethan100yearsoldin1911,1941,1971and2001inUK.Write
随机试题
连于相邻椎体之间的结构有
A.病邪相兼为病B.易损伤脏腑C.直接伤及内脏D.易阻滞气血E.一气一病,症状相似六淫的共同致病特点是
关于FSH和LH,错误的是
朱某,女,25岁,有SLE病史2年。近来下肢及面部水肿严重。查体:尿蛋白(++),管型(+),BP140/90mmHg,P84次/分。此患者饮食应是
运输易燃、易爆物品的机动车,其排气管应装阻火器,并悬挂“()”标志。
甲公司与乙公司拟签订了一份设备融资租赁合同,其中包括A、B两台设备。甲公司直接指定丙公司作为A设备供应商。由于甲公司对B设备的技术性能等了解不足,乙公司便向其推荐了供应B设备的丁公司,甲公司予以采纳。随后甲、乙公司分别与丙、丁两供应商签订了A、B设备融资租
(操作员:李主管;账套:102长套;操作日期:2015年1月1日)设置职员档案。职员编码:401职员姓名:王晓楠性别:女所属部门:研发部职员类型:管理人员
赎回金额的计算公式为()。
作为调节社会经济运行的一种重要经济杠杆,提高税率通常将()。
某机字长32位,主存容量1MB,按字编址,块长512B,Cache共可存放16个块,采用直接映射方式,则Cache~1电址长度为()。
最新回复
(
0
)