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  3. The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisel

The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisel

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问题     The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
    Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.
    We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
    Another thing we mustn’t forget is the "small ads", which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the "hatch, match and dispatch" column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or "agony" column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
The railway bylaws most probably refer to
选项 A、newspapers published by railway company.
B、lengthy regulations of the railway company.
C、boring advertisements about useless products.
D、cheerful and witty advertisements on the station.
答案B
解析 第2段第5句和第6句假设的都是没有广告的情况，而railway bylaws与第6句提到的没有广告的报纸是并列的内容，由此可见，bylaws最可能指的是火车站一些没有广告作用的信息，因此B为本题答案。文中没有提及铁路公司出版的报纸，因此A不正确；C和D都与“广告”有关，但从该段第4句至第6句的内容可知，bylaws一定不是广告，因此这两个选项均不正确。
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