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  3. Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth centu

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth centu

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问题     Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.
    People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass produced, though mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
    Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today’s standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn’t the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmers away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had no choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
The underlined word "this" in the third paragraph refers to the change that________.
选项 A、each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail
B、each nail was exactly like every other nail
C、producing tasks became smaller and smaller
D、goods could be mass produced
答案D
解析 根据文中第二段倒数第一句“This means that goods could be mass produced, though mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks. ”可知，画线单词所在句子是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句，条件句中的this正是指“货物大批量生产”这一内容，故选D。
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