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  3. People’s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】______from 1

People’s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】______from 1

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问题     People’s financial history has a strong impact on their taste for risk. Looking at surveys of American household【C1】______from 1960 to 2007, Ul-rike Malmendier of the University of California at Berkeley and his cooperator found that people who【C2】______high returns on the stock market【C3】______in life were, years later, likelier to report a higher tolerance for risk, to own shares and to invest a bigger slice of their【C4】______in shares.
    But【C5】______to economic turmoil appears to suppress people’s appetite for risk【C6】______of their personal financial losses. That is the【C7】______of a paper by Samuli Knupfer of London Business School and two co-authors. In the early 1990s a severe recession caused Finland’s GDP to【C8】______by 10% and unemployment to【C9】______from 3% to 16%. Using detailed data on tax, unemployment and military conscription(draft), the authors were able to【C10】______the investment choices of those【C11】______by Finland’s "Great Depression". Controlling for age, education, gender and【C12】______status, they found that those in occupations, industries and regions hit harder by unemployment were【C13】______likely to own stocks a decade later. Individuals’ personal misfortunes, however, could explain at most half of the【C14】______in stock ownership, the authors reckon. They【C15】______the remainder to "changes in beliefs and preferences" that are not easily measured.
    This seems【C16】______with a growing body of research that links a low tolerance of risk to 【C17】______emotional trauma(a severe shock). Studies have found, for example, that natural【C18】______such as the tsunami(a large destructive wave)that hit South-East Asia in 2004 and military【C19】______such as the Korean war can render their victims more【C20】______for years.
【C19】
选项 A、celebrations
B、frontiers
C、conflicts
D、records
答案C
解析 本空后面的such as说明后面是在举例子，朝鲜战争是一种军事冲突，且此处也需要一个词对应上一句的trauma，故选C项conflicts“冲突”。
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