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  3. You’re sitting at a restaurant waiting for a friend. Twenty minutes after your designated meeting time, they arrive in a flutter

You’re sitting at a restaurant waiting for a friend. Twenty minutes after your designated meeting time, they arrive in a flutter

admin2013-09-26  50
问题     You’re sitting at a restaurant waiting for a friend. Twenty minutes after your designated meeting time, they arrive in a flutter with a list of excuses. Perhaps there was too much traffic or a meeting ran long. You’ve heard it a million times, yet their behavior never changes. Sound familiar?
    " I think everyone has a person in their life that does this," said Herb Reich, author of the book 2051 Things That Really Piss Me Off. " Being late constantly, to me, means you are saying your time is more valuable than mine. "
    Reich said while it’s easier to forgive friends and family for their lateness, we need to establish very clear boundaries for being on time when it comes to professional relationships. " Sometimes I will establish consequences in the contract," he said, " It’s always wise to let people know what you feel about their behavior. "
    And while Reich said lateness is a "personality trait," psychologist Pamela Brand said the behavior is neurological(神经学的). "We call this a bio-psycho-socio pattern," Brand said.
    The biological cause of lateness, she said, is when the person’s organization and planning skills are underdeveloped. Socially, she said there can be learned behaviors or cultural communities that don’t focus on time or being prompt.
    "If someone wasn’t raised ever looking at a watch, and things were kind of loose growing up, just knowing this can help us understand why they function a certain way," she said.
    The psychological part of the pattern is when a person pardons or rationalizes their behavior with excuses, Brand said.
    So can people change their ways?
    "It’s my belief that all patterns can be changed if a person is conscious and wants it to be changed," Brand said. " There’s a book called You Are Not Your Brain that I refer to often that outlines a four-step process of changing patterns in the brain. It does a wonderful job of giving a clear explanation of how patterns develop, how they are hard wired into the brain and how to shift patterns to support neurological shifting.
    "This could take six months for a neurological change to stick," she said.
    To lend support for someone who is trying to be more punctual, Brand said it helps to raise the stakes.
    "A person is much less likely to be motivated if there are no consequences," Brand said. " If there is no threat to losing a relationship, losing a job or getting kicked out of school, things will stay the same. So if being late bothers you, you have to really make the contract clear. "
    Reich agrees. "Once, I was waiting for someone in my professional life, and after 15 minutes, I left," he said. " I explained why I did this, and that changed their behavior. My time is just as valuable as theirs and I don’t want to sit around. They weren’t late after that. "  
What is the viewpoint about lateness shared by Brand and Reich?
选项 A、Often being late will threaten a relationship and school performance.
B、Raising the stakes will help motivate someone to try to be more punctual.
C、Knowing the consequences of lateness will make someone change the behavior.
D、Someone being late should be given a chance to explain his behavior.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。本题主要考查布莱德和赫伯对于改变人们迟到的行为所持的相同观点。由定位句可知，布莱德认为，如果做事没有后果，人是不太可能受到激励的，而里奇也同意这个观点，故答案为C)。A)“总是迟到会影响人际关系和在校表现”，文章倒数第二段列举了几个迟到可能导致的后果的例子，A)只是其中一个例子，故排除；B)“提高迟到的风险可以刺激人们更加守时”，这只是布莱德的观点，与题干不符，故排除；D)“迟到的人应该被给予解释他们为什么迟到的机会”文章并没有提及，故排除。
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