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  3. The Calculator Game Is in the Progress on the Programming Now Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long

The Calculator Game Is in the Progress on the Programming Now Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long

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问题             The Calculator Game Is in the Progress on the Programming Now
    Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long been intrigued by games, and not just as a way of avoiding work. Games provide an ideal setting to explore important elements of the design of cleverer machines, such as pattern recognition, learning and planning. They also hold out the tantalizing possibility of fame and fortune should the program ever beat a human champion.
    Ever since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an IBM supercomputer, over Gary Kasparov, then world chess champion, in 1997, it has been clear that computers would dominate that particular game. Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front. There is one game, however, where humans still reign supreme Go. Yet here too their grip is beginning to loosen.
    Go was invented more than 2,500 years ago in China. It is a strategic contest in which two players take turns to place stones on the intersections of a grid with 19 lines on each side. Each player tries to stake out territory and surround his opponent. The rules are simple but the play is extraordinarily complex. During a game, some stones will "die", and some will appear to be dead but spring back to life at an ill-timed moment. It is often difficult to say who is winning right until the end.
    Deep Blue beat Mr. Kasparov using the "brute force" technique. Rather than search for the best move in a given position, the computer considers all white’s moves, and all black’s possible replies, and all white’s replies to those replies, and so on for, say, a dozen turns. The resulting map of possible moves has millions of branches. The computer combs through the possible outcomes and plays the one move that would give its opponent the fewest chances of winning. Unfortunately, brute force will not work in Go. First, the game has many more possible positions than chess does. Second, the number of possible moves from a typical position in Go is about 200. compared with about a dozen in chess. Finally, evaluating a Go position is fiendishly difficult. The fastest programs can assess just 50 positions a second, compared with 500,000 in chess. In the past two decades researchers have explored several alternative strategies with indifferent results. Now however, programmers are making impressive gains with a technique known as the Monte Carlo method. Given a position, a program using a Monte Carlo algorithm contemplates every move and plays a large number of random games to see what happens. If it wins in 80% of those games, the move is probably good. Otherwise, it keeps looking. The result is a new generation of fast programs that play particularly well on small versions of the Go board.
The victory of Deep Blue shows that______.
选项 A、the chess game is too simple for computers to play
B、the supercomputer is very good at calculation
C、computers will dominate every front of games
D、humans should prepare for the attack of computers
答案B
解析 事实细节题。考查例证细节。文章在第二段提到深蓝战胜了卡斯帕罗夫，第四段又具体分析了取胜所使用的“暴力破解"战术，即依靠快速的计算穷尽所有棋盘上的可能性，可见深蓝具有非常强大的计算能力，因此选[B]。[A]项错误，文中只是认为chess比Go要简单，但不表示chess就非常简单;[C]项只是文中提及的一个趋势，并不一定发生；[D]项错误，计算机并不会攻击人类，只是在某些领域超越人类。
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