首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Passage Four (1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween’s precursor centuries ago in
Passage Four (1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween’s precursor centuries ago in
admin
2022-09-27
24
问题
Passage Four
(1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween’s precursor centuries ago included animal skins and heads, drag getups, and even mechanical horse heads, historians say.
(2) Records of the precursor to Halloween—the Celtic new year celebration of Samhain—are extremely threadbare, said Ken Nilsen, professor of Celtic studies at Canada’s St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. "We don’t have actual records telling us what it was like in ancient times, so our knowledge is based principally on folk customs that continued until recent centuries," Nilsen told National Geographic News.
(3) Samhain, however, is known to date back at least 2,000 years, based on analysis of a Celtic bronze calendar discovered in the 1890s in Coligny, France, in what was then called Gaul. The festival marked the end of the Celtic year, when the harvest was gathered and animals were rounded up. It’s said the hides of cattle and other livestock slaughtered at this time were ritually worn during festivities that likely hark back to even earlier pagan beliefs.
(4) Ancient Roman writers recorded that tribes in what is now Germany and France held riotous ceremonies where they donned the heads and skins of wild mammals to connect with animal spirits. The custom of wearing animal hides at bonfire-lighted Celtic feast ceremonies survived until recent times, Nilsen notes. "This was certainly done at Martinmas (the November 11 Christian feast of St. Martin) in Ireland and Scotland, which, in the old calendar, would be Halloween," he said. "There might have been an excess of livestock, so it would make sense to slaughter an animal," Nilsen said.
(5) Samhain night was also a celebration of the dead—the one time the spirits were believed to walk among the living. Again, the earliest rituals aren’t known in detail, but in recent centuries families put out food and even set extra table places for their ancestors at Samhain. It was also a night when people dressed to create mischief and confusion, according to Bettina Arnold of the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. "The spirits of the dead were impersonated by young men dressed with masked, veiled or blackened faces," Arnold wrote in an essay titled Halloween Customs in the Celtic World. These disguises were intended both to protect revelers from any malevolent spirits and to fool households they visited. In Scotland and elsewhere, revelers masquerading as the dead would go around demanding food offerings—a forerunner to today’s trick-or-treating. Nilsen of St. Francis Xavier University added: " People put on costumes which frequently included blackened faces and so on, representing spooks, demons, or whatever. "
(6) According to the University of Wisconsin’s Arnold, on Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated—as was the boundary between the sexes. Male youths would dress up as girls and vice versa, she wrote. In Wales, for example, groups of mischievous young men in Halloween drag were referred to as hags. In parts of Ireland, a man dressed as a white horse known as Lair Bhan—an ancient Celtic fertility symbol—led noisy processions at Samhain.
(7) Many Samhain ensembles were incomplete without the appropriate accessories: lanterns made with hollo wed-out turnips and candles. Later transplanted to North America with Irish immigrants, the tradition would be replicated in the fatter form of the pumpkin, a fruit native to the New World.
On Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated by________.
选项
A、the dead walking among the living
B、the living masquerading as the dead
C、boys dressing up as girls
D、men disguising as white horses
答案
B
解析
细节题。第六段第一句中,阿诺德指出,过萨温节时生者和死者之间的界限已分不清了;由第五段第四句可知,年轻人戴上面具、面纱或者是把脸涂黑来假扮鬼魂,因此[B]正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/ugXMFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Generallyspeaking,threetypesofproblemsareinvolvedin【T1】______.Theyare【T2】______,prejudices,anddiscrimination.Let
Generallyspeaking,threetypesofproblemsareinvolvedin【T1】______.Theyare【T2】______,prejudices,anddiscrimination.Let
Firstofall,let’stalkaboutwhatcultureis.Whenwethinkaboutculturewefirstthinkaboutacountry,andparticularlyabo
SomeTheoriesofHistoryI.TheproblemsofunderstandinghistoryHistorywithwrittenrecords:therecordsmaybe【T1】______
Thelastcharacteristic,whichIthinkisthemostfundamentalone,istoaccept【T1】______.Activelearnersunderstandthatthe
Now,thesecondcharacteristicofactivelearnersistoreflectoninformationand【T1】______.Beingreflectiveisanimportantp
StressManagementI.Thegoalofstressmanagement—takingchargeofthoughts,emotions,【T1】______andenvironmentetc.【T1】___
A、Colorofthecover.B、Accompanyingtapes.C、Titleandauthor.D、Unimportantdetails.C男士让Sally谈谈有什么书可以推荐给关注英语发音的学生。Sally提到一本书,
(1)Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconventions,oratlea
(1)Aswehurtletowardsmenewmillennium,whatisthebettersymboloftherelentlesspassageoftimethanmeancientsundial?
随机试题
为了证实被审计单位某月份关于销售收入的“存在或发生”认定或“完整性”认定,下列最有效的程序是()
在呼吸运动调节中,中枢化学感受器的适宜刺激是_______;缺氧兴奋呼吸是通过刺激_______化学感受器引起。
A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 E
肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张破裂大出血后发生的变化,不正确的是
巴豆制成巴豆霜之目的是
根据《房屋建筑和市政基础设施项目工程总承包管理办法》,关于工程总承包单位的说法,正确的有()。
万盟投资管理公司受某公司委托收购环保类公司的收购要约内容如下:该公司从事净化设备生产与销售、净化工程安装、精密机械制造,并兼营贸易和房地产投资等业务。公司资金实力雄厚,现计划通过收购相关资产,调整产业结构,逐步退出贸易、房地产等风险较高行业,重点发展环保
2016年6月5日,A公司向B公司开具一张金额为5万元的支票,B公司将支票背书转让给C公司。6月12日,C公司请求付款银行付款时,银行以A公司账户内只有5000元为由拒绝付款。C公司遂要求B公司付款,B公司于6月15日向C公司付清了全部款项。根据《票据法》
阅读下列说明和图,回答问题。【说明】某大学为进一步推进无纸化考试,欲开发一考试系统。系统管理员能够创建包括专业方向、课程编号、任课教师等相关考试基础信息,教师和学生进行考试相关的工作。系统与考试有关的主要功能如下。(1)考试设置。教师制定试
A、Hesawtheofficeonhiswayhomefromwork.B、AfriendreferredhimtoDr.Carter’soffice.C、HefoundDr.Carter’snumberin
最新回复
(
0
)