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  3. The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary t

The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary t

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问题     The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary tests—against lawyers who believe that lawsuits are needed to hold doctors accountable.
    Obviously, no one wants medical mistakes. And no one, perhaps with the exception of lawyers, wants lawsuits, which put the victims, their families and the doctors involved through painful affairs.
    How can physicians avoid the courtroom? If an error was made, many insurers advise physicians not to talk to patients. That’s wrong. Physicians should disclose their mistake, apologize and, when appropriate and through mutual agreement, compensate injured patients.
    For more than a decade, the University of Michigan Health System has used such a program, and its incidence of has since dropped 36% . This approach should be spread nationwide. Actually, in 2005, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama co-sponsored the National MEDiC Act, which among other things would have implemented apology laws throughout the U. S.
    Doctors also must create and maintain open lines of communication with patients, which is critical to preventing lawsuits in the first place. Doctors have to better explain, and patients better understand, that not all adverse outcomes are due to physician errors.
    Consider the seemingly simple task of dispensing (配药) a drug at a hospital. It’s actually a complex process that requires five interdependent steps: ordering, transcribing, dispensing, delivering and administering. A poorly designed system can lead to an error in any of those steps, with a potentially deadly outcome. Bad outcomes can also occur despite proper patient care.
    Finally, fewer lawsuits might lead to better medical treatment. A 2011 study from the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that doctors who had been sued were more prone to burnout, depression and suicide, and, in turn, often make significantly more mistakes.
    There’s no cure-all for eliminating mistakes, but a starting point is clearly communication. Better doctor-patient exchanges improve medicine, and when patients and their families are kept in the loop, they also are less likely to pursue a lawsuit. And, then, if errors are made, doctors should apologize and work with the patient and, when necessary, their lawyer, to find a compromise.
The National MEDiC Act in 2005 aims at______.
选项 A、giving a clearer definition of medical errors
B、enforcing apology laws throughout the U. S.
C、reducing the incidence of malpractice claims
D、spreading the approach of the University of Michigan
答案B
解析 事实细节题。定位句中，which引导的定语从句对the National MEDiC Act进行了进一步的补充说明。由定位句可知，2005年的National MEDiC Act在全美范围内实施了道歉法令，据此推断B)“该法令旨在在全美范围内推行道歉法令”正确。A)“旨在给医疗事故一个更清楚的定义”、C)“减少对不当治疗的申诉”和D)“推广密歇根大学的方法”在原文中均未提到，故排除。
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