首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an a
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an a
admin
2015-04-24
30
问题
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible. Work towards making it had been begun by the United States, Canada and Britain very soon after the beginning of the Second World War. The existence of possibly explosive forces in the nuclei of atoms had been known ever since the structure of atoms was discovered by Rutherford.
An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but, until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein’s formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.
The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission" , a heavier atom splits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form of uranium called " U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance which was used in making the atom bomb.
The political background of the atomic scientists’ work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held — I think rightly — that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over, it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapons had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.
When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese, who were already on the verge of defeat and, in any case, did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent representations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.
According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because______.
选项
A、it was such a dangerous weapon
B、its use against the Japanese was unnecessary
C、it was a very inhumane weapon
D、the German war was finished
答案
B
解析
根据作者的观点:大多数协助制造原子弹的科学家认为,原子弹不应该用于打击日本人,因为用它来打击日本人是没有必要的。作者在最后一段开头指出,大多数合作制造原子弹的科学家认为,原子弹不应用来抗击日军,因为日本人濒于战败;原子弹给世界造成的威胁比不上希特勒给世界造成的威胁。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/uLJYFFFM
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
WorkisaveryimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.WhentheearlyProtestant【1】cametothiscountry,theybroughtthe【2
WorkisaveryimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.WhentheearlyProtestant【1】cametothiscountry,theybroughtthe【2
Hydrogeologyisthestudyofwateranditsproperties,includingits______andmovementinandthroughlandareas.
YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thi
BecauseJenkinsneither______nordefendseithermanagementorthestrikingworkers,bothsidesadmirehisjournalistic______.
Foryearspediatriciansdidn’tworrymuchabouttreatinghypertensionintheirpatients.Afterall,kidsgrowsofast,it’shard
RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforcebringingvirtualrealitytomedicine
Obviously,thepercapitaincomeofacountrydependsonmanythings,andanystatisticaltestthatdoesnottakeaccountofall
Mostofustelloneortwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausethelie
随机试题
言语轻迟低微,欲言不能复言,为()(1998年第21题)
下列哪项可引起下腔静脉扩张
在液为涎的是
A、置沸水中略烫B、煮至透心C、蒸至透心D、蒸至杀死虫卵E、拌入黄酒蒸红参的加工方法为()
属于非磺酰脲类胰岛素分泌促进剂的降血糖药物是()。
休克患者每小时尿量应维持在多少毫升以上
以下各项中,()是对自动进口许可正确的表述。
在现实生产生活中由于矛盾的性质、地位以及条件的复杂性,矛盾解决的形式也是多种多样的,主要有()。
(一)建设生态文明,是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计。面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势,必须树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念,把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程,
始终保持改革的正确方向,最核心的是()
最新回复
(
0
)