首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ant Intelligence A)When we think of intelligent members of the animal kingdom, the creatures that spring immediately to mind are
Ant Intelligence A)When we think of intelligent members of the animal kingdom, the creatures that spring immediately to mind are
admin
2020-06-08
25
问题
Ant Intelligence
A)When we think of intelligent members of the animal kingdom, the creatures that spring immediately to mind are apes and monkeys. But in fact the social lives of some members of the insect kingdom are sufficiently complex to suggest more than a hint of intelligence. Among these, the world of the ant has come in for considerable scrutiny lately, and the idea that ants demonstrate sparks of cognition has certainly not been rejected by those involved in these investigations.
B)Ants store food, repel attackers and use chemical signals to contact one another in case of attack. Such chemical communication can be compared to the human use of visual and auditory channels(as in religious chants, advertising image sand jingles, political slogans and martial music)to arouse and propagate moods and attitudes. The biologist Lewis Thomas wrote, Ants are so much like human beings as to be an embarrassment. They farm fungi, raise aphids as livestock, launch armies to war, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, capture slaves, engage in child labour, exchange information ceaselessly. They do everything but watch television.
C)However, in ants there is no cultural transmission—everything must be encoded in the genes—whereas in humans the opposite is true. Only basic instincts are carried in the genes of a newborn baby, other skills being learned from others in the community as the child grows up.
D)It may seem that this cultural continuity gives us a huge advantage over ants. They have never mastered fire nor progressed. Their fungus farming and aphid herding crafts are sophisticated when compared to the agricultural skills of humans five thousand years ago but have been totally overtaken by modern human agribusiness.
E)Or have they? The farming methods of ants are at least sustainable. They do not ruin environments or use enormous amounts of energy. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that the crop farming of ants may be more sophisticated and adaptable than was thought.
F)Ants were farmers fifty million years before humans were. Ants can’t digest the cellulose in leaves—but some fungi can. The ants therefore cultivate these fungi in their nests, bringing them leaves to feed on, and then aphids(small insects of a different species from ants)use them as a source of food. Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as "weeds", and spread waste to fertilise the crop.
G)It was once thought that the fungus that ants cultivate was a single type that they had propagated, essentially unchanged from the distant past. Not so. Ulrich Mueller of Maryland and his colleagues genetically screened 862 different types of fungi taken from ants’ nests. These turned out to be highly diverse: it seems that ants are continually domesticating new species. Even more impressively, DNA analysis of the fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify the fungi by regularly swapping and sharing strains with neighbouring ant colonies.
H)Whereas prehistoric man had no exposure to urban lifestyles—the forcing house of intelligence—the evidence suggests that ants have lived in urban settings for close on a hundred million years, developing and maintaining underground cities of specialised chambers and tunnels.
I)When we survey Mexico City, Tokyo, Los Angeles, we are amazed at what has been accomplished by humans. Yet Hoelldoblerand Wilson’ s magnificent work for ant lovers, The Ants, describes a super colony of the ant Formica yessensis on the Ishikari Coast of Hokkaido. This "megalopolis" was reported to be composed of 360 million workers and a million queens living in 4,500 interconnected nests across a territory of 2.7 square kilometres.
J)Such enduring and intricately meshed levels of technical achievement outstrip by far anything achieved by our distant ancestors. We hail as masterpieces the cave paintings in southern France and elsewhere, dating back some 20,000 years. Ant societies existed in something like their present form more than seventy million years ago. Beside this, prehistoric man looks technologically primitive. Is this then some kind of intelligence, albeit of a different kind?
K)Research conducted at Oxford, Sussex and Zurich Universities has shown that when desert ants return from a foraging trip, they navigate by integrating bearings and distances, which they continuously update in their heads. They combine the evidence of visual landmarks with a mental library of local directions, all within a framework which is consulted and updated. So ants can learn, too.
L)And in a twelve-year programme of work, Ryabko and Reznikova have found evidence that ants can transmit very complex messages. Scouts who had located food in amaze returned to mobilise their foraging teams. They engaged in contact sessions, at the end of which the scout was removed in order to observe what her team might do. Often the foragers proceeded to the exact spot in the maze where the food had been. Elaborate precautions were taken to prevent the foraging team using odour clues.
M)Discussion now centres on whether the route through the maze is communicated as a "left-right" sequence of turns or as a "compass bearing and distance" message.
N)During the course of this exhaustive study, Reznikova has grown so attached to her laboratory ants that she feels she knows them as individuals—even without the paint spots used to mark them. It’s no surprise that Edward Wilson, in his essay, "In the company of ants", advises readers who ask what to do with the ants in their kitchen to: "Watch where you step. Be careful of little lives."
Cultural continuity merely exists in human beings while ants are simply depended on genes.
选项
答案
C
解析
题干意为,文化传承仅仅存在于人类之中,而蚂蚁只有靠基因。根据原文C段第一句 “However,in ants there is no cultural transmission--everything must beencoded in the genes--whereas in humans the opposite is true.”可看出.题干为此句的同义替换。所以,应选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/uJBFFFFM
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Theincreaseinbeachfrontpropertyvalue.B、Anexperimentalengineeringproject.C、TheerosionofcoastalareasD、Howtobuil
A、Whyhumanscry.B、Howtorelieveourselves.C、Howanimalscry.D、Whenpeoplecry.A主旨题。议论文需注意首句话,此文章第一句“Whydowecry?”就点明了主题:
A、Restructuringthewholecompany.B、Employingmoreforwardingagents.C、PromotingcooperationwithJayalMotors.D、Exportingth
A、Eightypercentoftheicedisappearsinsummertime.B、Mostoftheicewasaccumulatedoverthepastcenturies.C、Theiceensu
A、Bytrainingrescueteamsforemergencies.B、Bytakingstepstopreparepeopleforthem.C、Bychangingpeople’sviewsofnature
A、Healthconditionsimprovewithtimespentwatchinghealthyprograms.B、Comedyvideoscancuremostpeopleofchronicheartatt
A、Itistherightthingforworkertodo.B、Itisbadforourhealthbutgoodforourcareer.C、Itisbadforourcareerandfor
A、Ourpeopleandourfuture.B、Afinalfarewell.C、TheSingaporestory.D、ThethreatsofISIS.A
WhyIndiaIsPoorandCorruptWhileJapanIsRichandCleanA)IntheFarEast,Malaysia,Singapore,Korea,Taiwan,HongKong,an
随机试题
A、免疫性B、代谢性C、退化性D、内分泌性E、地理环境性大骨节病按病因分类属于
反密码子IGG的相应密码子是
关于FIDIC《土木工程施工合同条件》争端解决的以下说法,正确的是()。
很多老师在一节课的最后,往往以一个疑问结束本节的教学,这种结课类型是什么?有什么作用?
技术创新是促进一国经济增长的根本动力,发展高新技术产业的根本目的在于提高本国的经济竞争力。近年来,我国产业技术政策在培育自主创新方向加大了力度,但从实际效果来看,仍不够理想,在经济全球化背景下,政府下一步在高新技术产业领域应当着力于()。
Samuel:Hey,______?Diana:IwishIcould.ButIreallyhavetostayinandfinishmypapertonight.Samuel:Oh,maybesomeoth
石器时代的陶工制作了复杂并且常常是精致的陶瓷水罐、工具和珠宝。他们也制作了精致的陶人。有许多这种精致的陶瓷水罐、工具和珠宝被发现时是完整的或几乎完整,然而大致与这些陶器在同时期制作的陶人却大多以小碎片的形式被发现。如果正确,以下哪一项最佳地解释了为什么很少
设有如下程序:PrivateSubForm_Click()DimaAsInteger,sAsIntegern=8s=0Dos=s+nn=n-
AFrenchmanwenttostayatthebesthotelinasmallItaliantownwithhiswife.Onenight,hewentoutforawalkalone.Thes
Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthist
最新回复
(
0
)