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  3. Animal Intelligence Pet owners know their pets are able to do all sorts of incredible things. Dogs seem to pick up their ea

Animal Intelligence Pet owners know their pets are able to do all sorts of incredible things. Dogs seem to pick up their ea

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问题                         Animal Intelligence

    Pet owners know their pets are able to do all sorts of incredible things. Dogs seem to pick up their ears when their owners mention the word walk. Cats have many creative ways of reminding their owners to feed them. So exactly how intelligent are animals? Scientists as well as pet owners are interested in the question of animal intelligence.
    One of the most exciting investigations on the mental abilities of animals looks at their ability to use tools. Through observation of animals in the wild and in zoos, animal researchers know that several animal species apparently use tools. Perhaps the most notable in this kind is the work of Jane Godall in Africa. She observed chimpanzees in their native environment using small sticks to catch termites. Great apes in zoos have been seen to use tools. Scientists have trained crows to use small sticks to spear insects in the bark of trees.
    Another aspect of animal cognition is solving problems. Some species of birds, such as ravens, are particularly clever. Ravens are able to solve many different problems, such as untying a knot to get at food. Even pigeons and parrots have shown an extraordinary capacity to recognize, count, or name different objects.
    In addition, the ability to learn what they are taught by humans is another marker of animal cognition. For example, dogs are able to learn a wide variety of commands, and then follow them. Orangutans can learn complex tasks, such as washing clothes by hand, after just a few tries. Elephants also remember various behaviors that they are taught—even playing music and painting.
    Perhaps one of the most important aspects of animal cognition is self-awareness. An animal that is aware of itself has a high level of cognition ability. For a long time, humans were thought to be the only living beings aware of themselves and their actions. For example, you are aware that you are reading this article or you can recognize yourself in a mirror. Animal researchers have discovered that dolphins and chimpanzees are able to recognize themselves in a mirror. Self-awareness may help highly social animals like these to get along in their social groups.
    When they look at the mental abilities of animals as introduced above, animal researchers draw a conclusion that some animals do have high levels of cognition.
Summary:
Scientists and pet owners are quite interested in the question of animal intelligence, the mental abilities of animals, which is also called【R1】______. First of all, the author talks about animals’ ability to use tools . Chimpanzees and great apes are mentioned as examples. Then, the ability to【R2】______, another mental ability of animals, follows. Ravens are cited with their particular cleverness. In addition, animals are able to learn what they are taught. Perhaps, one of the most significant presentations of the mental abilities of animals is that they have their own【R3】______ which might help some animals to get along in their groups. Animals demonstrate this by【R4】______in a mirror. By integrating all the aspects, animal researchers conclude that some species of animals do have【R5】______intelligence.
【R1】
选项
答案animal cognition
解析 (文章二、三、四、五段是并列段，介绍动物的感知能力，第一段用的是mental abilities，其他三段都用的是animal cognition，因此可得本空应填animal cognition。)
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大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）

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