2. 外语
  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

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问题    Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply."
   Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn’t failing you, " says Schacter. "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed."
   Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, " says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
   Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available, " he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
   Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time, " says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that______.
选项 A、they have a wider range of interests
B、they are more reliant on the environment
C、they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D、they are more interested in what’s happening around them
答案D
解析 定位到第三段：Women have slightly better memories than men，也解释了原因possibly because they pay more attention to their environment，and memory relies on just that——可能是因为她们对周围环境更加注意，而记忆恰恰有赖于此。原因的解释虽然清晰，但对比四个选项，选出正确答案却并不容易。需要查看上下文，段首的一句是“Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness”(缺少兴趣也能导致心不在焉)。这样的话，女性与男性对比的例子应该也是服务于这句话的，也就是强调兴趣。本题可以选D。
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