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  3. My objective is to analyse certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word po

My objective is to analyse certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word po

admin2010-02-22  61
问题     My objective is to analyse certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By power, I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another, a system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form of law or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes.
    It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strenghtens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunction and contradictions that isolate them from one another; and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies.
    Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its more "peripheral" effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analysing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent for/ns of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations that, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, invert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in torn to arrest their movement. One needs to be nominalistic, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.
选项 A、counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the term
B、establish a compromise among those who have defined the term in different ways
C、increase comprehension of the term by providing concrete examples
D、avoid possible misinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term
答案D
解析 本题考查对段落大意概括的能力。在第一段第二句中，作者提到"Power"这个词很容易使人们性质、形成等产生误解。然后作者通过说明不应该理解成什么，而应该怎样理解等情况，澄清对"Power"的误解。因此，给"Power"下定义是作者有意为避免人们产生此种误解。
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