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  3. In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the

In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the

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问题     In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the retarded and the emotionally disturbed. In the same way, we have built mental institutions, cancer wards, soup kitchens, and retirement communities — all in the name of efficiency and humanitarian motivation.
    Clearly, there are compelling administrative, medical, and economic reasons why many of our thorniest human problems — illness, poverty, and old age — are better handled by specialized formal organizations than by families. But there may be other, less rational, reasons as well.
    One clue is to look at the sites where our nation’s prisons and mental hospitals were first located. Many of them are now in middle lass suburban areas, an easy drive from the urban core. But at the time they were built, these same areas were quite different — they were almost invariably secluded rural settings, located many miles from large population centers and hidden from everyday’s view. Even cemeteries emerged were typically built some distance from major cities, allowing friends and relatives to pay a visit but only met soft on a limited basis.
    Remember the cliche, "out of sight, out of mind"? Let’s face it: There are many problems that mid class Americans would prefer to shuttle aside and put out of easy reach. Too often, the attitude is, "Let somebody else take care of it. We aren’t trained and they are."
    Thus, our formal organizations help us to isolate those things we simply don’t want to see. By constructing a formal response, we are able to avoid the whole range of human misery that might otherwise disrupt our personal lives and make us feel very uncomfortable. By letting the formal system take care of terminal cancer patients, drug addicts, severely disfigured individuals, and Alzheimer’s victims, for example, we increase the subjective probability that these hideous things won’t happen to us or to our, loved ones. By distancing ourselves from human frailty and misery, we are then free to pursue our individual goals and objectives — at work and at home — without fear that the same thing might (or will) happen to us.
    Specialized institutions give us the false security of being able to go through life avoiding life’s problems — until we are forced to deal with them. This may be one reason why community based forms of treatment for mental illness, retardation, and juvenile delinquency have so often been opposed by Americans. In too many cases, even where their residents pose little, if any risk, to the neighbors, the thinking is that halfway houses belong on anybody else’s block but mine.
It is claimed that people build such specialized institutions as hospitals because ______.
选项 A、the retarded and the emotionally disturbed can not be treated at home
B、it is believed to be more efficient and human for them to do so
C、such practice saves the government a lot of money in the long run
D、other ways of dealing with patients are less rational
答案B
解析 细节定位题。 A项：因为弱智以及精神病人无法在家接受治疗；C项：从长远来看，这些机构为国家节约了大笔的资金；D项：其他医治病人的方式是非理智的。第1段第2句中提到：In the same way, we have built mental institutions, cancer wards, soup kitchens, and retirement communities — all in the name of efficiency and humanitarian motivation．意思是：(我们建立了医院)，出于同样的日的，我们设立了精神康复机构，痛症诊疗病室，退休人员社区等——都是打着提高效率和出于人道动机的旗号。所以，B项“大家认为，这样做对治疗更有效，也更符合人道情怀”是正确的。A项的陈述跟原文无任何关系。C项也是不符合文意的一个推断。D项陈述太过于偏激和片面。
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