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  3. Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain For the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learnin

Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain For the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learnin

admin2012-12-28  33
问题              Download Knowledge Directly to Your Brain
    For the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. It’s not quite as advanced as an instant kung-fu download, and it’s not as sleek as cognitive inception, but it’s still an important finding that could lead to new teaching and rehabilitation techniques.
    Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark for teaching another person a new activity, according to the researchers.
    Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the learning process. They were examining the adult brain’s aptitude for visual perceptual learning, or VPL, in which repetitive training improves a person’s performance on a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an ongoing debate in neuroscience.
    Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe, researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeedback to stimulate the visual cortex. First they showed participants circles at different orientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants’ brain activity. The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate this visual cortex activity.
    The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. The participants were asked to "somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain" to make a solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they weren’t told anything about what the disc meant. The researchers watched the participants’ brain activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.
    "Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region," the study authors write, "or the activation in one region relative to that in another region. "
    This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning, the researchers said.
    "The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature, without presenting the feature or subjects’ awareness of what was to be learned," Watanabe said in a statement.
    Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.
    "It can ’incept’ a person to acquire new learning, skills, or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge that has been damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a person’s awareness of what is learned or memorized," they write.
Who are most likely to benefit from the study?
选项 A、Teenagers.
B、Musicians.
C、Senior people.
D、Athletes.
答案C
解析 推理题。句意：谁最可能收益于这个研究?从文章最后一段可知，这种(视觉学习)方式能使得由于事故、疾病、年老而记忆受损的人获得新的知识、技术，或是回想起以前的知识和技术。可推理得知，老年人是可以受益的一群人。故选C(老年人)。
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