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  3. The skulls and pelvic bones of some species of dinosaur share characteristics with the skulls and pelvic bones of all modern bir

The skulls and pelvic bones of some species of dinosaur share characteristics with the skulls and pelvic bones of all modern bir

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问题 The skulls and pelvic bones of some species of dinosaur share characteristics with the skulls and pelvic bones of all modern birds. Even though not all dinosaurs have these characteristics , there are scientists who claim that all animals that do have these characteristics are dinosaurs.If the statements above and the claim of the scientists are true, which of the following must also be true?
选项 A、Birds share more characteristics with dinosaurs than they do with other animals.
B、Some ancient dinosaurs were indistinguishable from modern birds.
C、All animals whose skulls share the characteristics of those of modern birds also have pelvic bones that are similar to those of modern birds.
D、Modern birds are dinosaurs.
E、All dinosaurs are birds.
答案D
解析 科学家根据陈述：“一些恐龙的头盖骨与骨盆骨与所有现代鸟类的头盖骨和骨盆骨有许多相同特征”，就得出结论：“所有具有这些特征的动物是恐龙” 根据逻辑推理，我们发现(D)正确 显然，若根据常识，(D)必错无疑，但就逻辑推理而言，归纳的段落所面临的推理是必定成立的推理，所以(D)可从上面段落中推出来且与上面段落吻合，所以(D)正确、(A)做了一个无关比较，无关比较必然不对，且“the animals”是新概念；(B)中的“indistinguishable”不可能从上面段落中得到；(C)中的“all animals”把讨论范围扩大，犯了递推的错误；(E)中的all明显也是把段落中的“some”范围扩大化，因此也必然不对。
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