首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What Makes Sound Beautiful? (69)Beauty is certainly more than skin-deep. However you might define it, beauty extends far be
What Makes Sound Beautiful? (69)Beauty is certainly more than skin-deep. However you might define it, beauty extends far be
admin
2019-08-04
49
问题
What Makes Sound Beautiful?
(69)
Beauty is certainly more than skin-deep. However you might define it, beauty extends far beyond the visual to that which pleases other senses and even the mind.
The most important a-mong these other routes for the observation of beauty is the sense of hearing. Music is routinely recognized as beautiful. So are other sounds, like the whispering of wind through pines or the gentle purring of a cat.
Just as philosophers and scientists have struggled to define visual beauty, they have attempted to analyze the appeal of pleasant sounds as well. Ultimately, sonic(声音的)beauty is in the ear of the beholder. Research and intuition can, however, suggest reasons why one person considers a musical piece gorgeous while another considers it a bucketful of noise.
The existence of noise is a clue in itself. A conventional definition of noise would include adjectives like unwanted, annoying, disorganized, or meaningless. Sounds that have no discernible(可识别的)pattern to them or that intrude on mental order are not generally considered beautiful. The relationship of sound to the situation is crucial. An assertive orchestral piece like Copland’s "Fanfare for the Common Man" could be strikingly beautiful at a Fourth of July celebration yet decidedly annoying when it blares from someone else’s apartment while you are trying to concentrate on a difficult task.
But it is the quest to discover the role of pattern that takes us beyond such obvious intuitive judgments about the beauty of sound. In the 1930s, a mathematician named George Birkhoff proposed formulas that would place a given work of art on a numerical aesthetic(审美的)scale. More beautiful art would score higher than less beautiful art. He proposed different specifies for analyzing painting, or geometric figures, or poetry, or music, but his central formula is M =0 / C. The symbol M stands for beauty, 0 for organization, and C for complexity.(70)
In other words, a work of music that is very well organized and not very complicated scores higher than a work with similarly good organization but a high degree of complexity.
Organization is good, complexity is bad.
This aspect of Birkhoffs approach clearly oversimplifies the case. Organization and complexity do contribute to the perceived beauty of a musical piece, but not as mere opposites. They entwine and influence the piece in combination with each other and with other factors. To illustrate this, let’s consider one of those other factors, the musical experience and knowledge that a listener brings to a piece of music.
Music critics are well-known for disliking works that become immensely popular and for praising material that the general public finds boring or even unpleasant. Why should this disparity be so common? Or why should a 40-year-old who loved bouncy pop music during his teen years now find it hard to tolerate his own teenage children’s taste in music?
The answers probably involve a certain ideal level of complexity, a point where the complexity of a piece and the way it is organized are matched perfectly with a listener’s knowledge and experience. The work presents enough of a challenge so that the listener can enjoy thinking about and deciphering(解读)its patterns, but it is not so impossibly complex that the listener remains confused. A work that falls far below this ideal level is too simple or too familiar to be interesting. A work that reaches far above the ideal levels is frustrating and dissatisfying.
According to the passage, what is the relationship between organization and complexity when contributing to the perceived beauty of a musical piece?
选项
答案
Organization and complexity entwine influence the piece in combination with each other andwith other factors.
解析
(文章倒数第三段段倒数第二句提到organization and complexity的关系:They entwineand influence the piece in combination with each other and with other factors.)
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/s9WMFFFM
本试题收录于:
D类竞赛(专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
D类竞赛(专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
A.fightingB.subjectsC.certainlyD.questionE.resultinF.furtherG.appearance
A.fightingB.subjectsC.certainlyD.questionE.resultinF.furtherG.appearance
(1)AUniversityofLeicesterteamtestedtheeffectofregularswimmingsessionswithdolphinson15depressedpeopleinastudy
(1)AUniversityofLeicesterteamtestedtheeffectofregularswimmingsessionswithdolphinson15depressedpeopleinastudy
(1)Myjobistoproviderelevant,factuallyaccurateinformationthatisinteresting,usefulandentertainingtomyreaders,be
Informationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillb
(1)Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveA
Youaredoingaminiresearchprojectonpeople’sdonationtocharity.Thefollowingaresomeusefulmaterials.Writeareporto
(1)WhenDenisHennequintookoverastheEuropeanbossofMcDonald’sinJanuary2004,theworld’sbiggestrestaurantchainwas
随机试题
以海地和巴西为例,论述19世纪拉丁美洲民族独立运动类型多样化的历史依据。(东北师范大学2001年世界史综合卷真题)
什么叫焊接热循环?其主要参数有哪些?
在通用密码子中属终止密码子的是
区别早期牙周炎与牙龈炎的重要指标是
正常儿童新鲜尿沉渣镜检时,每高倍视野下红细胞数应少于
工作压力为5MPa的压力容器属于()。
“原因和结果是我们思维的创造物”,“在自然界中,既没有原因,也没有结果”,对这句话理解正确的有()。
现有甲、乙两个水平相当的技术工人需进行三次技术比赛,规定三局两胜者为胜方,如果在第一次比赛中甲获胜,这时乙最终取胜的可能性有多大?()
Insomecountries,societalandfamilialtreatmentoftheelderlyusuallyreflectsagreatdegreeofindependenceandindividual
下列关于网络安全服务的叙述中,哪一个是错误的?
最新回复
(
0
)