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People Are More Honest than They Think They Are Imagine that you found a wallet in the street containing a stranger’s co

admin2021-06-15  17
问题                                              People Are More Honest than They Think They Are
        Imagine that you found a wallet in the street containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash. Would you go out of your way to return it to its owner? Now imagine that the same wallet contained a few crisp banknotes. Would that alter your response? Does it depend on the amount of money? And how do you think other people would react in similar circumstances?
        Honesty makes the world go round. Without people trusting in one another, at least to a certain extent, society would fall apart. Honesty is therefore studied academically. Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in laboratories. Moreover, it often features well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world.
        As the team report this week in Science, from Canada to Thailand and from Russia to Peru, Dr. Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings like banks, museums and police stations. They handed in a dummy wallet to an employee in the reception area, saying they had found it on the street outside, before making a hasty exit. Each wallet was a see-through plastic card case containing three identical business cards (with a unique email address and a fictitious native man’s name), a shopping list (in the local language) and a key. Crucially, some wallets also included $13.45 in the local currency, while some had no cash. Then, the team simply waited to see who would email the "owner" about returning the wallet.
        In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money in them were returned more often than those without (51% of the time, compared with 40% for the cashless). While rates of honesty varied greatly between different places (Scandinavia most honest, Asia and Africa least), the difference within individual countries between the two return rates was quite stable around that figure of 11 percentage points. In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another ten percentage points) to be returned than those with less, although the "big money" experiment was done in only three countries —at least when it comes to lost wallets and petty cash Intriguingly, though, such personal probity is not reflected in people’s expectations of their fellow men and women. When Dr. Cohn and his team surveyed a sample of 299 (admittedly exclusively American) volunteers, most respondents predicted that the more money there was in a wallet the more likely it was that it would be kept. They also asked the question of 279 top academic economists, who did only marginally better than the man or woman in the street at getting the answer right.
        A certain cynicism about the motives of others is probably good for survival, so the response of the general population may be understandable. But the warm inner glow derived from "doing the right thing" is also a powerful motivator. How this altruism evolved is much debated by biologists and anthropologists—particularly when it extends, as in Dr. Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal. The study also suggests, from the responses they gave, that quite a few e conomists have not yet truly taken this point on board.
In the first paragraph, what is the author’s purpose of asking a series of questions?
选项 A、To show that people care more and more about this issue.
B、To raise readers’ awareness of the importance of the issue.
C、To stimulate readers’ thinking and relate them to the issue.
D、To emphasize that the questions are very difficult to answer.
答案C
解析 推断题。题干：在第一段中，作者问一系列问题的目的是什么?根据题干定位到文章第一段，该段连续问了四个问题：假设你在街上发现了一个钱包，里面有一个陌生人的联系方式，但没有现金，你会把它还给它的主人吗?现在想象一下，同一个钱包里有几张崭新的钞票，这会改变你的反应吗?这取决于钱的多少吗?你认为其他人在类似情况下会如何反应?显然，这些问题都是针对读者提出的，目的是激发读者对这些问题进行设身处地地思考，引出诚信话题，C项“激发读者的思考，联系话题”正确A项“表明人们越来越关心这个问题”，提出这些问题可以体现作者对诚信问题的关注，但并不能表明人们对此问题的关心，A项错误。B项“提高读者对这个问题重要性的认识”，文章第一段只是提出了几个问题，并未突出其重要性，B项错误D项“强调这些问题很难回答”，不符合文章意思，D项错误故本题选C。
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