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  3. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personal

It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personal

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问题     It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. "Upbringing" is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term "education". In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.
    The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence(青春期) tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.
    Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child.  Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.
    Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid(严格的) general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems.
    All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’s continuing development may be warped.
    A child must be allowed to enjoy this "messy" but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life. each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.
The word "cumulative" in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______.
选项 A、decisive
B、extremely beneficial
C、strong
D、progressively greater
答案D
解析 这一题的考点仍是用意思相近的词来解释原义中的词，对于一个不熟悉的词可以根据上下文的意思猜一猜，文中相应的那句话提到孩子们的每一次经历都会教给孩子们一些东西。这就意味着经历刘。孩子们的影响有一个循序渐进和积累的过程，因此我们可推断cumulative可能有“逐渐的，积累”的意思。A项的意思是“决定性的”，不能突出逐渐积累的意思，因此不准确。B项的意思是“绝对有益”，原文中并未对经历对孩子的影响作出肯定或否定的评价，且B项也同样未突出逐渐的意思，因此B也不准确。C项的意思是强的，原文中提到孩子每一次经历都会教给他一些东西，这并不意味着每一次的影响都很强，若一次影响足够强，也无需积累了，因此C项也不准确，D项的意思是“逐渐增加的”，这正好体现了逐渐积累的意思，因此应选D项。
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大学英语四级

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