首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about mo
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about mo
admin
2010-06-30
43
问题
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers are completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
Supporters of the new super systems argued that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities travelling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that only one rail company serves most shippers. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s theory to, which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be this with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $ 10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______.
选项
A、shippers will be charged test without a rival railroad
B、there will soon be only one Railroad Company nationwide
C、overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief
D、a government board ensures fair play in railway business
答案
C
解析
本题考查根据事实推导的能力。最后一句话指出:认为被过高收费的托运可以向政府的陆路运输部申诉,以降低收费,但是此过程花费高,又费时,而且只有特别严重的个例才有用。所以,很容易判断出C为正确答案。A意为“没有竞争的铁路公司,托运商将被更低度的收费”,B意为“全国将很快只有一家铁路公司”,D意为“政府部门确保了铁路运输的公平竞争”,都没有事实依据,不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/qNnsFFFM
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
ForRichardLeakey,headoftheKenyaWildlifeService(KWS),conservationoftenseemstobeacontinuationofwarbyothermeans
Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday—imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesof
Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday—imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesof
Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday—imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesof
InthepasttwoyearsI’vephoned,e-mailedanddinedwiththreepotential"idealhusbands."(Thisisaccordingtotheauntsor
InthepasttwoyearsI’vephoned,e-mailedanddinedwiththreepotential"idealhusbands."(Thisisaccordingtotheauntsor
Whatroledomostpeopleinthemanufacturingtradesplay?
Carmakershavelongusedsextoselltheirproducts.Recently,however,bothBMWandRenaulthavebasedtheirlatestEuropeanm
Manypeoplethinkthatnowadayspeoplearebeingsubjectedtomoreandmorepressureintheirwork,andthusarehavinglessan
OfficialsinTampaFlorida,gotasurpriserecentlywhenalocalfirmbuildingthestate’sfirstethanol*-productionfactoryp
随机试题
A.依照治安管理处罚条例处罚B.依法给予行政处分C.对负责人给予行政处分D.给予行政处罚E.给予民事制裁
类比推理是根据两个(或两类)对象在某些属性上相同或相似,推出它们______的推理。
肠内营养的注意事项有哪些?
将全脂奶粉配成全牛奶,其奶粉与水的比例应为
老年人服用选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂,血浆浓度比年轻人高约50%~100%,受年龄因素的影响程度最显著的是
会计行政法规是指()。
工程量清单项目编码以五级编码设置,用十二位阿拉伯数字表示,其中()为分项工程项目名称顺序码。
乙租住甲的房屋,甲起诉乙支付拖欠的房租。在诉讼中,甲放弃乙支付房租的请求,但要求法院判令解除与乙的房屋租赁合同。下列关于本案的哪种说法是正确的?()
自然数N是一个两位数,它是一个质数,而且N的个位数字与十位数字都是质数,这样的自然数有多少个?()
(41)工业二程序可以找出C语言源程序中的语法错误。
最新回复
(
0
)