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  3. When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the whole

When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the whole

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问题     When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the whole world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it
    A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.
    Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the life-span of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.
    The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention
    Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent Indeed, patent experts often advise any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.
    Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.  
From the passage we learn that______.
选项 A、an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice
B、it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one
C、patent experts often recommend patents to others
D、products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago
答案A
解析 可从文中最后一段的第二句“It is theii reduction to commercial practice，either through necessity ordedication，or through the availability of new technology，that makes news and money”推知，即科学发明只有转换成商业实践发明者才能从其中受益(获得钱财的回报)。
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