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  3. Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve

Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve

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问题     Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children.
    With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages at marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26. 0 and 27. 7. These changes in age at marriage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings.
    The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on rearing of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.
    Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive(非认知性)traits of children. These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding.
    I am not claiming that children are worst off when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or if they had abusive(粗暴的)fathers. Rather, it appears that up to a significant point, children are better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal.
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author believes______.
选项 A、parents’ divorce will hinder children’s development
B、children are worse off if they had abusive fathers
C、parents should divorce if they were fighting frequently
D、an intact family is better for children to a certain degree
答案D
解析 观点态度题。本题考查最后一段中作者表达的观点，可使用排除法。A)“父母离异会阻碍孩子的发展”太过绝对，作者在末段第一句就提到他并不是说如果父母因经常吵架或者父亲脾性粗暴而离婚，对孩子就糟糕透了，故排除；由此B)“如果父亲脾性粗暴的话，孩子会比较糟糕”也可排除；C)“如果父母经常争吵的话，应该离婚”是对末段首句的过度推断，故排除；D)“完整的家庭在某种程度上更有利于孩子”是作者在末段末句表达的观点，to a certain degree对应原文中的to a significant point，故为答案。
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