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  3. One of the appealing features of game theory is the way it reflects so many aspects of real life. To win a game, or survive in t

One of the appealing features of game theory is the way it reflects so many aspects of real life. To win a game, or survive in t

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问题     One of the appealing features of game theory is the way it reflects so many aspects of real life. To win a game, or survive in the jungle, or succeed in business, you need to know how to play your cards. You have to know when to hold them and know when to fold. And usually you have to think fast. Winners excel at making smart snap judgments. In the jungle, you don’t have time to calculate, using game theory or otherwise, the relative merits of fighting or fleeing, hiding or seeking.
    Animals know this. They constantly face many competing choices from a long list of possible behaviors, as neuroscientists Gregory Berns and Read Montague have observed. "Do I chase this new prey or do I continue nibbling on my last kill? Do I run from the possible predator that I see in the bushes or the one that I hear? Do I chase that potential mate or do I wait around for something better?"
    Presumably, animals don’t deliberate such decisions consciously, at least not for very long. And even if animals could think complexly and had time to do so, there’s no obvious way for them to compare all their needs for food, safety, and sex. Yet somehow animal brains add up all the factors and compute a course of action that enhances the odds of survival. And humans differ little from other animals in that regard. Brains have evolved a way to compare and choose among behaviors, apparently using some "common currency" for valuing one choice over others. In other words, not only do people have money on the brain, they have the neural equivalent of money operating within the brain. Just as money replaced the barter system—providing a common currency for comparing various goods and services—nerve cell circuitry evolved to translate diverse behavioral choices into the common currency of brain chemistry.
    When you think about it, it makes a lot of sense. But neuroscientists began to figure it all out only when they joined forces with economists inspired by game theory. Game theory, after all, was the key to quantifying the faint notion of economic utility.  
In the jungle, there is usually little time to______.
选项 A、recognize where a threat has come from
B、compare the benefits of different actions
C、weigh merits and demerits of game theory
D、escape attacks from powerful predators
答案B
解析 本题考查推理能力。根据第一段最后一句“In the jungle，you don’t have timeto calculate，using game theory or otherwise，the relative merits of fighting or fleeing，hiding or seeking．”可知，没有时间使用博弈论或别的方法估算搏斗或逃跑的相对好处，以及藏匿或搜索的相对好处。由此可知，B选项符合题意。
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