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  3. A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. (46)The main objection to vegetarianis

A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. (46)The main objection to vegetarianis

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问题     A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. (46)The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body-building element in food. If you have ever been without meat or other animal foods for some days or weeks(say, for religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called ’ amino-acids’, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. (47)A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism.
    The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. (48)However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with.
    (49)Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, how ever, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed.
    Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable animal protein and next come milk, fish and eggs.
    Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should not be lost through over-cooking. With fruit, vitamin loss is negligible, because the cooking water is normally eaten along with the fruit, and acids in the fruit help to hold in the vitamin C.
    Most nutrition experts today Would recommend a balanced diet containing elements of all foods, largely because of our need for sufficient vitamins. (50)Vitamins were first called accessory food factors since it was discovered in 1906 that most foods contain, besides carbohydrates(碳水化合物), fats, minerals and water, these other substances necessary for health. The most common deficiencies in Western diets today are those of vitamins. The answer is variety in food. A well-balanced diet having sufficient amounts of milk, fruit, vegetables, eggs and meat, fish or fowl (i.e.) any good protein source usually provides adequate minimum daily requirements of all the vitamins.

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答案在1906年人们就发现，大多数食物除了含有碳水化合物、脂肪、各种矿物质及水以外，还含有各种维生素，因此维生素最初被叫做"辅助食物素"。
解析 本句主句是Vitamins were first called ’accessory food factors’，其后是since引导的从句，that引导discovered的宾语从句，其中most food是该从句的主语，these other substances necessary for health用来修饰vitamins。应采用逆序法翻译，将since从句提到句首。难点有：accessory food factors可译为"辅助食物素"，these other substances necessary for health可直接译为"各种维生素"。
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