2. 外语
  3. What is feared as failure in American society is, above all, aloneness. And aloneness is terrifying because it means that there

What is feared as failure in American society is, above all, aloneness. And aloneness is terrifying because it means that there

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问题     What is feared as failure in American society is, above all, aloneness. And aloneness is terrifying because it means that there is no one, no group, no approved cause to submit to. Even success often becomes impossible to bear when it is not socially approved or even known. This is perhaps why successful criminals often feel the need to confess, that is, to submit to the community’s judgment, represented in the person to whom the confession is made. They will confess even under circumstances where this will probably, if not certainly, endanger their previous success: proof, I think that aloneness is more intolerable than mere failure. For failure, provided it is found in company, ean rather easily be borne; many ideologies have the function of making it possible for people to digest the worst miseries and even death. Under the sway of the ideology, they do not feel the impact of their failure; they are in the grip of an authority, even if it lets them down. On the other hand, one who is alone lacks this solace which can make even failure comfortable.
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答案 在美国社会中人们最惧怕的失败莫过于孤独了。而孤独之所以可怕，是因为孤独意味着没有一个你需要服从的人，没有一个你需要服从的团体，也没有一个能得到公认的事业。即使成功，如若不为社会所获准，甚至不为世人所知，也常常变得令人难以忍受。这也许就是为什么甚至老到的罪犯也时常觉得有必要去自首的原因，即去服从那个听他自首的人所代表的公众的裁判，即使这种自首可能——如果不是绝对的话——会暴露他以前“成功”的犯罪。看来这足以证明，孤独比单纯的失败更要难以忍受。只要错误在事后被证明是与其他人共同造成的，人们还是很容易承受这种单纯的失败的。由于许多观念的影响，人们可以忍受极大的不幸，甚至是死亡。有些观念甚至使人感受不到失败的冲击。他们受某一意识形态或观念的控制，尽管这一观念是错误的。另一方面，孤独的人缺乏这种安慰，而这种安慰可以使人觉得失败也是舒服的。
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