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  3. "You expect your friends to be inclined to see you in a positive manner, but they are also keen observers of the personality tra

"You expect your friends to be inclined to see you in a positive manner, but they are also keen observers of the personality tra

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问题    "You expect your friends to be inclined to see you in a positive manner, but they are also keen observers of the personality traits that could send you to an early grave, " said Joshua Jackson, PhD. He added that your personality at an early age can predict how long you will live and that close friends are usually better than you at recognizing these traits.
   "Our study shows that people can observe and rate a friend’s personality accurately enough to predict early mortality decades down the road, " Jackson said. "It suggests that people are able to see important characteristics related to health even when their friends were healthy and many years from death."
   For example, people who take negative attitude towards life and remain pessimistic are less likely to have healthier hearts. On the other hand, men who are conscientious are more likely to eat right, stick to an exercise routine and avoid risks. Women who are emotionally stable may be better at fighting off anger, anxiety and depression, Jackson suggests. Young women seen as highly agreeable and emotionally stable may have increased odds for a long and happy life since their personalities were well suited for the role of a supportive and easy-going wife.
   The long-term study included extensive data on participant personality traits, both self-reported and as reported by close friends, including bridesmaids and groomsmen at participants’ wedding parties.
   Using information from previous follow-up studies and searches of death certificates, Jackson and colleagues documented dates of death for all but a few study participants. Peer ratings of personality were stronger predictors of mortality risk than self-ratings of personality.
   "First, friends may see something that you miss; they may have some insight that you do not. Second, because people have multiple friends, we are able to average the peculiarities of any one friend to obtain a more reliable assessment of personality. With self reports, people may be biased or miss certain aspects of themselves and we can’t counteract that because there is only one you, only one self-report."
   The study also revealed gender differences in self-assessment: men’s self-ratings of personality traits were somewhat useful in predicting their lifespan, whereas the self-reports of women were of little predictive value.
   This study shows how important personality is in influencing significant life outcomes like health. Information from friends is crucial to understanding one’s health issues. For example, it suggests that family members and even physician ratings could be used to personalize medical treatments or identify who is at risk for certain health problems.
Paragraph Six is discussing______.
选项 A、the advantages of self-reports in evaluating one’s personality
B、the uniqueness of personality despite some common traits
C、the importance of close friends to your personal health
D、potential reasons for superiority of peer ratings over self ratings
答案D
解析 第六段的主要内容是：朋友可以发现自己没有发现的特点，而且看问题更加深刻。不同朋友的视角也不同，所以能提供更加全面、准确的信息。自我评价可能出现偏见，甚至可能片面。
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