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  3. Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

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问题     Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s assassination, the Challenger explosion or the fall of the Twin Towers, but not say, what grocery aisle we were standing in when the phone call came to remind us to pick up milk? What is it about the timing—or more specifically, the coincidence with intense experience—that seals in visual memories more effectively? That’s the question that a new study from psychologists at the University of Washington set out to answer.
    The study, published online recently in the open-access journal PLoS Biology included a series of four experiments. In each experiment, which included distinct participants, Jeffrey Y. Lin and colleagues showed study subjects 16 photographs depicting familiar landscapes. The first time, participants merely looked at the images; the second time, they were also asked to focus on a number shown in the middle of the image; the third time, they also had to make note of an auditory cue as they looked at the images; and finally, they were shown images with a number in the middle, but told to ignore the number and focus only on the scene depicted.
    Researchers found that, when shown an image later and asked to recall if it had been among those they’d already seen, subjects’ memory formation was consistently best when they had also been trying to concentrate on another task in both the second and third experiments, which involved viewing numbers or hearing audio tones while the images were presented, subjects formed clearer memories than in the first experiment—when they were simply instructed to look at the photos—and than in the fourth experiment—when they were shown numbers in the center of photos, but told to ignore them and focus on the images themselves.
    The findings suggest that it isn’t the novelty of what we’re seeing, but the experience that we are having while we look at something, that determines how well we store it away in our memories. Or, as the authors phrase it, the study results provide "evidence of a mechanism where traces of a visual scene are automatically encoded into memory at behaviorally relevant points in time regardless of the spatial focus of attention." When it comes to making memories, timing is of the essence.
Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?
选项 A、Timing is critical to memory formation.
B、Memory can be manipulated for our good.
C、People tend to remember big events better.
D、It’s better to remember two things than one.
答案A
解析 这道题目需要通观全文，总结性的观点一般出现在文章的开头或者结尾。这篇文章的开头即引出了文章的主题，那么概括的部分应在文章的末尾，所以定位在最后一段。文中最后一句谈到“就能否形成记忆来说，时机是至关重要的”，A项中的memory formation对应该句中的making memories，而is critical to “是……的关键”则与文中的of the essence“非常重要的”相吻合，故A项为正确答案。B项所说的要“控制记忆”在文中没有提及。C项和D项的内容在文中均有提及，但不足以概括全文，故而排除。文章首句表示“人们能清楚记得一些大事件发生时自己身处的情境”，此处C项将能清楚记得的对象混淆替换成了“大事件”，理解不准确。D项是对文中的研究结论“看图时还集中精力于另一任务时，人的记忆往往更清晰”的错误解读。
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