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  3. You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

admin2022-08-26  9
问题     You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you see a live one in your bedroom. Why is that? Facial expressions are usually thought of as simple tools of communication, but in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Charles Darwin proposed that they may prepare us to react to situations when he noticed that some expressions seemed to be used across cultures and even species. Now Joshua Susskind and his colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, have put that idea to the test.
    Susskind’s team wondered whether the characteristic expressions of fear—eyes wide open, eyebrows raised and mouth agape—might improve how sensory information is acquired and so increase alertness. Conversely disgust—with the face all squeezed up—might blunt the senses, shielding us from unpleasant sights and smells.
    The researchers asked subjects to complete various tests while holding a fearful, disgusted or neutral expression. In one they had to identify when a spot entered their field of view. In another they were required to shift their focus as quickly as possible between two targets on a computer screen.
    How much air the volunteers breathed in while expressing fear and disgust was also measured.
    In each case the wide-eyed Home Alone (the movie series starring Macaulay Culkin) face let significantly more of the world in. Subjects with wide-open eyes detected peripheral objects more quickly and performed side-to-side eye movements faster. They also took in more air with each breath without exerting any extra effort. An Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan showed the nasal cavity was enlarged while subjects held this expression, which the team suggest could be linked with a greater ability to absorb odors.
    "These changes are consistent with the idea that fear, for example, is a posture towards vigilance, and disgust a posture towards sensory rejection," says Susskind. His team is already at work on experiments to explore to what extent the brain can use this extra information to enhance performance. "What was nice was the number of different ways they got at this question," says Elizabeth Phelps at New York University. "They were very creative." She thinks the work could open up a whole new way of thinking about facial expressions.
By saying "In each case the wide-eyed Home Alone face let significantly more of the world in" (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 4), the author means that
选项 A、wide-eyed expressions would help you understand the world better.
B、facial expressions might result in faster eye movements.
C、wide-eyed expressions would help people breathe in more air.
D、facial expressions might help people notice more things around.
答案D
解析 这句话提到“眼睛睁大的脸总能获得更广阔的视野范围”，即面部表情可以帮助人们观察到周围更多的事物，故选D项。文中提到的睁大双眼的被试者只是能更多地注意到周边环境，并不表示能更好地理解这个世界，A项推理过度；该段中的确有提到面部表情可以导致快速的眼部运动以及双眼睁大的被试者呼吸时能吸入更多的空气，但这些与题干中的话是并列的关系，而非解释性关系，故B、C项均答非所问。
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