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  3. Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regula

Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regula

admin2022-07-13  11
问题     Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity (长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
    The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的 ) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
    Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
    Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
    Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
    Personality isn’t destiny (命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
选项 A、They have a good understanding of evolution.
B、They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C、They generally appear more resourceful.
D、They are more likely to get over hardship.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。定位句指出，长寿的女性比那些有着一般寿命的女性更具同情心和合作精神。作者在第三句中又说这与人们期待从进化论得出的结论相一致，即长寿女性的这些特点会使她们积聚足够的资源来渡过难关，故答案为D)。
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