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  3. A new study uses advanced brain-scanning technology to cast light onto a topic that psycholo- 【M1

A new study uses advanced brain-scanning technology to cast light onto a topic that psycholo- 【M1

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问题    A new study uses advanced brain-scanning technology to
cast light onto a topic that psycholo-                               【M1】_____
gists have puzzled over more than half a century:
social conformity. The study was based on a                          【M2】_____
famous series of laboratory experiment from
the 1950’s by a social psychologist, Dr. Solomon                     【M3】_____
Asch. In those early studies, the subjects wereshown two cards. On the first was a vertical line. On
the second were three lines,
one of them the same length with that on the first card. Then the subjects【M4】_____
were asked to say which two lines were like,
something that most 5-year-olds could answer cor-                    【M5】_____
rectly. But Dr. Asch added a twist. Seven other people, in cahoots with the researchers, also exam-
ined the lines and gave their answers before the subjects did. And sometimes these confederates
unconsciously gave the wrong answer.
Dr. Asch was astonished at what happened next. After think-          【M6】_____
ing hard, three out of four subjects agreed with
the incorrect answers given by the confederates at                   【M7】_____
least once. And one in four conformed 50 percent of the time. Dr. Asch, who died in 1996, always
wondered about the findings. Did the people who gave in to group do so knowing that their answers was right? Or did the social pressure actually change their perceptions?
The researchers found that                                           【M8】_____
social conformity showed up in the brain like activity in
regions-that are entirely devoted to percep-                        【M9】_____
tion. But independence of judgment--standing up for one’s beliefs--showed up as activity in brain
areas involved in emotion, the study found,
suggesting that there be a cost for going against the                【M10】_____
group.  
【M4】
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