2. 考研
  3. In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

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问题     In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity(紧缩)programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.
    In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
    President Hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid(杂交)grain, and fertilizers.
It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at______.
选项 A、reducing the cost of farming
B、conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation
C、lowering the burden of farmers
D、helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers
答案B
解析 本题问新通过的法案的立法目的是什么。从文章第3段可以看出，虽然美国最高法院拒绝了第一个法案，但却通过了第二个法案，第二个法案主要是基于如下理由：通过使土地休耕和防治洪水的措施来达到保护水土的目的，这符合全体国民的利益。因此选B项。D项最具干扰性。题干问的是：该法案声称其立法目的是什么?从文章中不难看出，该法案虽然实际上是想提高农产品价格以保护农民的生产，但遭否决后转而声称是为了全体国民的利益而保护水土。
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