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  3. 　　Adults in the UK today are consuming more water now than in recent years, while in the US, sales of bottled water recently sur

　　Adults in the UK today are consuming more water now than in recent years, while in the US, sales of bottled water recently sur

admin2021-09-25  22
问题 　　Adults in the UK today are consuming more water now than in recent years, while in the US, sales of bottled water recently surpassed sales of soda. We’ve been bombarded with messages telling us that drinking litres of water every day is the secret to good health. Fuelling this appetite for water is the "8×8 rule”: the unofficial advice recommending we drink eight 240ml glasses of water per day, totalling just under two litres, on top of any other drinks. That "rule”, however, isn’t backed by scientific findings—nor do UK or EU official guidelines say we should be drinking this much.
    Years of unsubstantiated claims around the 8×8 rule have led us to believe that feeling thirsty means we’re already dangerously dehydrated. But experts largely agree that we don’t need any more fluid than the amount our bodies signal for, when it signals for it. "The control of hydration in our body is some of most advanced things we’ve developed in evolution, ever since ancestors crawled out of sea onto land. We have a huge number of complex techniques we use to maintain adequate hydration," says Irwin Rosenburg, senior scientist at the Neuroscience and Ageing Laboratory at Tufts University in Massachusetts.
    There’s little evidence suggesting that drinking more water than our body signals for offers any benefits beyond the point of avoiding dehydration. Still, research suggests there are some important benefits to avoiding even the early stages of mild dehydration. A number of studies have found, for example, that drinking enough to avoid mild dehydration helps support brain function and our ability to do simple tasks, such as problem-solving.
    Too much fluid consumption can become serious when it causes a dilution of sodium in blood. This creates a swelling of the brain and lungs, as fluid shifts to try to balance out blood sodium levels. Johanna Pakenham ran the 2018 London Marathon, the hottest on record. But she can’t remember most of it because she drank so much water during the race that she developed hyponatremia. She was rushed to hospital later that day. "My friend and partner thought I was dehydrated and they gave me a big glass of water. I had a massive fit and my heart stopped. I was airlifted to hospital and unconscious from the Sunday evening until the following Tuesday," she says.
    But it’s important to remember that our thirst mechanisms lose sensitivity once we’re over 60. " As we age, our natural thirst mechanism becomes less sensitive and we become more prone to dehydration than younger people. As we age, we may need to be more attentive to our fluid consumption habits to stay hydrated," says Brenda Davy, a professor of human nutrition, food and exercise.
    Our fluid requirements vary depending on a person’s age, body size, gender, environment and level of physical activity. We don’t need to be concerned about drinking an arbitrary amount of water per day; our bodies signal to us when we’re thirsty, much like they do when we’re hungry or tired. The only health benefit of drinking more than you need, it seems, will be the extra calories you expend by running to the loo more often.
According to Irwin Rosenburg, which of the following is true?
选项 A、We need to stay properly hydrated before we feel thirsty.
B、Most expert largely agree with the 8×8 rule.
C、Most people drink more water than their body need everyday.
D、Human body is sophisticated enough to measure hydration.
答案D
解析 细节题。根据题干关键词Irwin Rosenburg定位到第二段。欧文.罗森伯格认为我们人的身体经过进化，已经形成了一套非常精密的机制，这种机制可以准确地告诉我们每天喝多少水，因此答案选[D]。[A][B]与文义相反，且不是欧文.罗森伯格的观点；[C]欧文.罗森伯格也没有提到。
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