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  3. Make sure your headset is on. The Writing section measures your ability to use writing to communicate in an academic environ

Make sure your headset is on. The Writing section measures your ability to use writing to communicate in an academic environ

admin2013-04-25  29
问题     Make sure your headset is on.
    The Writing section measures your ability to use writing to communicate in an academic environment. There will be 2 writing tasks.
    For the first task, you will be asked to read a passage and listen to a lecture. You will then answer a question based on what you have read and heard. For the second task, you will be asked to answer a question based on your own knowledge and experience.
    Now listen to the directions for the first writing task.
    The Integrated Writing Task
Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions
    For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic. A clock at the top of the screen will show how much time you have to read. Then the passage will be removed and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You will be able to see the passage again when it is time to write. You may take notes while you read and listen.
    You will then have 20 minutes to write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the reading passage and the lecture. Using information from the reading and the lecture, try to answer the question as completely as possible. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion.
    Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words long. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content. You may use your notes to help you answer.
    Now you will see the reading passage for 3 minutes. Remember the reading passage will be available to you again when you write. After the reading time ends, the lecture will begin immediately, so keep your headset on until the lecture is over.
    Reading
    The traditional method for organizing a group of employees began with the choosing of a group leader. In many cases, the leader was then given a list of possible candidates for the group and asked to choose those workers they felt would contribute the most to the project’s goals. The decision was supposed to be made in relation to a number of different factors, including past experience, area of expertise and past working relationships. Although this method tended to work well, there are now many companies that allow more freedom when it comes to creating working groups. Companies wanted to create a system in which management decided what needed to be done but the employees had a say in how it was done.
    One of the largest changes is connected to how employees are chosen. Many companies have moved toward self-selection. In this model, a project is presented to the employees not as a requirement but as an opportunity. Instead of choosing a leader, managers simply ask employees to volunteer for the group. The core idea is that employees are much better judges of their own abilities and interests than a manager could ever be. The best employees for the job will recognize themselves as such and ask to be a part of the group. Some employees who wish to expand their working knowledge of a given subject may also apply. Once there are enough employees in the group, they will work together to choose their own leader. In this situation, the employees are expected to work harder for a person they have chosen instead of someone who they were told to follow. They are expected to be loyal to their choice.
    Companies using this new method report increases in productivity as welt as employee job satisfaction. Because the workers have chosen their projects as well as developed systems for resource allocation and management internally, they are generally happier with their jobs.
    Listening
    Question
    Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well you present the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words long.
    Question: Summarize the points you just heard in the lecture, explaining how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading.
    The traditional method for organizing a group of employees began with the choosing of a group leader. In many cases, the leader was then given a list of possible candidates for the group and asked to choose those workers they felt would contribute the most to the project’s goals. The decision was supposed to be made in relation to a number of different factors, including past experience, area of expertise and past working relationships. Although this method tended to work well, there are now many companies that allow more freedom when it comes to creating working groups. Companies wanted to create a system in which management decided what needed to be done but the employees had a say in how it was done.
    One of the largest changes is connected to how employees are chosen. Many companies have moved toward self-selection. In this model, a project is presented to the employees not as a requirement but as an opportunity. Instead of choosing a leader, managers simply ask employees to volunteer for the group. The core idea is that employees are much better judges of their own abilities and interests than a manager could ever be. The best employees for the job will recognize themselves as such and ask to be a part of the group. Some employees who wish to expand their working knowledge of a given subject may also apply. Once there are enough employees in the group, they will work together to choose their own leader. In this situation, the employees are expected to work harder for a person they have chosen instead of someone who they were told to follow. They are expected to be loyal to their choice. Companies using this new method report increases in productivity as well as employee job satisfaction. Because the workers have chosen their projects as well as developed systems for resource allocation and management internally, they are generally happier with their jobs.
I want to ask you a question about how you work. Do you always look for new challenges and focus on your own development as a worker? Do you always make your choices according to what is best for the company? Let me give you some examples of when those questions would be really important. What if you only worked on the projects you wanted to? You could choose your projects. Most likely, you would choose the ones that you thought were going to be the easiest or you’d choose the ones you thought would be the most fun. If there were two groups, one that has to design a new building and the other that gets to travel around the country looking for good sites, which would you want to be a part of? Obviously, it would be the latter. So, self-selection only works with certain employees. What about choosing your own leader for your group? Is that a good idea? It might be, but what if everyone in the group wants to lead? Remember that the manager is going to reward the leader of any group more than the other members. Who doesn’t want extra praise from the manager? Groups that have to decide whom will do what usually decide that everyone should do nothing. And they decide that they should get the credit for whatever in fact does get done.
选项
答案 The reading is about a new type of management style in which employees are allowed to choose which projects they want to work on. Also, they can choose who will lead the group and the work that each member will do. One suggested benefit of the new method is that employees can choose themselves for projects. Because the employees know themselves and their abilities better than a manager can, the best employees for the task make it into the group. In the lecture, though, it is explained that most employees will simply try to be a part of the easiest or most interesting projects. Even if they have the right skills for the task, they will avoid anything difficult. Another possible benefit of the new method is that employees are able to choose their own leaders. In the lecture, some problems with this idea are explained. In many cases, everyone in the group will want to be the leader, because the leader will receive the most praise from the managers. When it comes to the other tasks, everyone will decide that they should do the least amount of work. The end result will be that nothing will be accomplished by the group.
解析 先用3分钟的时间阅读以学问为主题的文章，之后听相同主题的讲座。然后概括讲座的主要内容并与阅读原文做比较，时间为20分钟。讲座的内容可能与阅读原文的观点相同也可能不同。本题中讲座的观点与阅读原文的观点相反，阅读原文里介绍了全新的组织方式，即员工自己选择希望做的项目，并且自己选择项目负责人。
    我们来看一下原文中介绍的观点以及讲座中的相反观点。首先，原文中提到员工对自己的能力最清楚，因此可以自己申请适合自己的项目。但是讲座中说如果将选择权给了员工，就会造成大家都去选择最容易或最有意思的项目。其次，原文中提到，如果员工自己推选负责人的话，工作就会更努力。但是讲座中指出，如果那样的话，所有的人都会争着当负责人，因为功劳是负责人的。参考答案中将这两种观点进行了对比分析。这道题的关键在于要将原文观点和讲座的观点联系起来进行分析说明。
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