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  3. One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no

One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no

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问题     One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community. If its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
    When one of these non-economic categories is threatened, and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
    It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
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答案 完全基于经济目的的生态资源保护系统有一个基本的缺点：陆地生物群落的大部分物种没有经济价值。但是，这些物种是生物群落的组成部分。如果生态系统的稳定性依赖于其完整性的话，那么那些物种就有权力继续存在下去。 当这些无经济价值的物种中的某一种受到威胁，且我们碰巧又喜欢它，我们就会想办法来经济上赋予其重要性。在本世纪之初，人们认为鸣禽即将灭绝。科学家们立即拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致是说：如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们(的一切)吃掉。若证据想要有效，就必须具有经济性。 现在来看这些拐弯抹角的理由是让人心痛的。我们没有土地伦理，但是我们至少几乎已经承认了这样一种观点：不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，生存都是它们的固有权利。就食肉动物和捕鱼鸟类而言，也存在这种情况。
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