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  3. You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

admin2022-08-26  1
问题     You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you see a live one in your bedroom. Why is that? Facial expressions are usually thought of as simple tools of communication, but in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Charles Darwin proposed that they may prepare us to react to situations when he noticed that some expressions seemed to be used across cultures and even species. Now Joshua Susskind and his colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, have put that idea to the test.
    Susskind’s team wondered whether the characteristic expressions of fear—eyes wide open, eyebrows raised and mouth agape—might improve how sensory information is acquired and so increase alertness. Conversely disgust—with the face all squeezed up—might blunt the senses, shielding us from unpleasant sights and smells.
    The researchers asked subjects to complete various tests while holding a fearful, disgusted or neutral expression. In one they had to identify when a spot entered their field of view. In another they were required to shift their focus as quickly as possible between two targets on a computer screen.
    How much air the volunteers breathed in while expressing fear and disgust was also measured.
    In each case the wide-eyed Home Alone (the movie series starring Macaulay Culkin) face let significantly more of the world in. Subjects with wide-open eyes detected peripheral objects more quickly and performed side-to-side eye movements faster. They also took in more air with each breath without exerting any extra effort. An Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan showed the nasal cavity was enlarged while subjects held this expression, which the team suggest could be linked with a greater ability to absorb odors.
    "These changes are consistent with the idea that fear, for example, is a posture towards vigilance, and disgust a posture towards sensory rejection," says Susskind. His team is already at work on experiments to explore to what extent the brain can use this extra information to enhance performance. "What was nice was the number of different ways they got at this question," says Elizabeth Phelps at New York University. "They were very creative." She thinks the work could open up a whole new way of thinking about facial expressions.
In Joshua Susskind’s research, the researchers
选项 A、wondered whether there existed other expressions of fear.
B、wanted subjects to use facial expressions to complete tests.
C、wanted to test how much air subjects breathed in normally.
D、wondered whether expressions of disgust blunted our senses.
答案B
解析 根据Joshua Susskind及research定位到第二、三、四段。第三段提到研究人员要求被试者带着各种规定的表情来完成不同的测试，故选B项。第二段提到研究目的是证实恐惧或者厌恶的典型表情能否帮助人类大脑对周围环境做出及时适当的应对，A项显然与研究目的不符；研究中的确测量了被试者吸入的空气量，但是前提是他们要表达恐惧和厌恶，而C项中提到的是normally，即通常情况下，显然歪曲了事实：D项“想知道厌恶的表情是否会使我们的感官钝化”是强干扰项，这只是研究的一个方面，不全面，故排除。
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