首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately
admin
2014-07-20
28
问题
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur, and we are not talking about simple carelessness as occurs when two numbers are incorrectly added, nor do we mean errors resulting from simple forgetfulness. Rather, we have in mind errors of a logic nature—those resulting from faulty reasoning. Now, or at least soon, computers will be capable Of error-free logical reasoning in a variety of areas. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the last two decades’ research in the field of automated theorem proving. AURA (Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that best exemplifies this use of the computer.
AURA solves a problem by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. Program does not learn, nor is it self-analytical, but it reaches logical conclusions flawlessly. It used various types of reasoning and, more important, has access to very powerful and sophisticated logical strategies. AURA seldom relies on brute force to find solutions. Instead it
solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction. One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For ex- ample, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy, known as the set of support strategy, lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem. Almost never does the program proceed by carrying out an exhaustive search.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist "expert systems" that include a component for reasoning. An expert system is a special-purpose program designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert programs, unlike human experts, do not die. Such systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span. Moreover, they can be replicated for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? Certainly not. It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce — that is, design more clever computer programs and more efficient, more useful components. Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress, learn from their attempts to solve a problem, and redirect their attack on a problem. Such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Their impact will be felt in design, manufacturing, law, medicine, and other areas. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas. These ideas will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.
Which of the following titles best describes the content of the text?
选项
A、Using Computers to Assist Human Reasoning.
B、Scientific Applications of Computers.
C、Some Suggested Applications for AURA
D、Scientific Applications of Logical Reasoning.
答案
A
解析
文章第一段直接点明主题“一种计算机程序AURA可帮助人们检查逻辑推理方面的错误”,再根据以上各题的题解,不难得出答案为A ,而其他三个选项都不能准确表达此主题,不为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/hExMFFFM
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Somepeoplearefriendlydrunks,whereasothersarehostile,potentiallyposingadangertothemselvesandothers.Thedifferenc
ExperiencedobserversonAmericancampuseshavebeguntonoticeanewgroupofmothersandfathersemergingoverthepasttwoye
Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldgoodnegotiatorsdo?
Withouttelephoneitwouldbeimpossibletocarryonthefunctionsof______everybusinessoperationinthewholecountry.
Globalwarmingisalreadycuttingsubstantiallyintopotentialcropyieldsinsomecountries—tosuchanextentthatitmaybea
Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroidsnow,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomesci
Hedidn’tattendthenegotiation______hewasill.
Areyouthinkingabouttryingoutapoliticalcareerbutyour【C1】______arealittlelowforapresidentialbid?Youhaveuntil
Wehadapartylastmonth,anditwasalotoffun,solet’shave______onethismonth.
WhodidAnthonyShafferworkfor?
随机试题
Neitherhenor______everbeentotheUnitedStates.
心包压塞体征包括
费用和效益的识别应坚持增量分析、考虑关联效果、以本国居民作为分析对象和()的原则。
设立项目法人的要求有哪些?
水下混凝土可用火山灰水泥、粉煤灰水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥或硅酸盐水泥,其水泥初凝时间不宜早于()h。
明朱棣“北建故宫,南修武当”,形成了武当山八宫八观,堪称我国道教文化的宝库。()
实施幼儿德育最基本的途径是()。
若将N阶对称矩阵A按照行序为主序方式将包括主对角线元素在内的下三角形的所有元素依次存放在一个一维数组B中,则该对称矩阵在B中占用了(40)—个数组元素。(40)
WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEanoteofabout50-60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:ThereisanEnglishlearninggro
TheNewBusinessModelsA)Mostemergingcountriesarefondofhighlydiversifiedcompanies.India’sTataGroup,whichaccountsf
最新回复
(
0
)