2. 外语
  3. The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since a

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since a

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问题     The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate
literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first      (1)______
century BC. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers
favoured certain kind of ’free’ translation: the spirit, not the letter; the      (2)______
sense not the words; the message rather the form; the matter not          (3)______
the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who          (4)______
wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th        (5) ______
century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language             (6)______
was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible     (7)______
gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as  (8)______
literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the             (9)______
extreme ’literalists’ Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains.  (10)______  
选项
答案was一／
解析 and后面的宾语从句，又包含一个虚拟条件状语从句，if was attempted at all，因逻辑主语与后面主句主语相同，可以用省略形式，但应该连同was一起省略。
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