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  3. If you can’t tell a smile from a scowl, you’re probably not getting enough sleep. " Recognizing the emotional expressions of som

If you can’t tell a smile from a scowl, you’re probably not getting enough sleep. " Recognizing the emotional expressions of som

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问题     If you can’t tell a smile from a scowl, you’re probably not getting enough sleep. " Recognizing the emotional expressions of someone else changes everything about whether or not you decide to interact with them, and in return, whether they interact with you," said study senior author Matthew Walker, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at UC Berkeley. The findings were published today in the Journal of Neuroscience. "These findings are especially worrying considering that two-thirds of people in the developed nations fail to get sufficient sleep," Walker added.
    Indeed, the results do not bode well for countless sleep-starved groups, said study lead author Andrea Goldstein-Piekarski, a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University, who started the study as a Ph. D. student at UC Berkeley. " Consider the implications for students pulling all-nighters, emergency-room medical staff, military fighters in war zones and police officers on graveyard shifts," she said.
    For the experiment, 18 healthy young adults viewed 70 facial expressions that ranged from friendly to threatening, once after a full night of sleep, and once after 24 hours of being awake. Researchers scanned participants’ brains and measured their heart rates as they looked at the series of visages.
    Brain scans as they carried out these tasks—generated through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI)—revealed that the sleep-deprived brains could not distinguish between threatening and friendly faces, especially in the emotion-sensing regions of the brain’s anterior insula and anterior cingu-late cortex. Additionally, the heart rates of sleep-deprived study participants did not respond normally to threatening or friendly facial expressions. Moreover, researchers found a disconnection in the neural link between the brain and heart that typically enables the body to sense distress signals. "Sleep deprivation appears to dislocate the body from the brain," said Walker. " You can’t follow your heart. " As a consequence, study participants interpreted more faces, even the friendly or neutral ones, as threatening when sleep-deprived.
    "They failed our emotional Rorschach test," Walker said. "Insufficient sleep removes the rose tint to our emotional world, causing an overestimation of threat. This may explain why people who report getting too little sleep are less social and more lonely. "
    On a more positive note, researchers recorded the electrical brain activity of the participants during their full night of sleep, and found that their quality of Rapid Eye Movement(REM)or dream sleep correlated with their ability to accurately read facial expressions. Previous research by Walker has found that REM sleep serves to reduce stress neurochemicals and soften painful memories. "The better the quality of dream sleep, the more accurate the brain and body was at differentiating between facial expressions ," Walker said. " Dream sleep appears to reset the magnetic north of our emotional compass. This study provides yet more proof of our essential need for sleep. "
According to the result of the experiment, the sleep-deprived participants tend to recognize friendly faces as threatening due to the following except that______.
选项 A、Their brains will malfunction in the regions of anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex
B、Their heart rates do not respond to the order of brain about the facial expression
C、The brain’s emotional sensing region is aggressive to the neutral face and takes it as threatening
D、The body cannot receive the emotional signals from the brain because the neutral link is disconnected
答案C
解析 信息题。定位到第四段，定位词为：study和participants。第四段中提到the sleep—deprivedbrains could not distinguish between threatening and friendly faces，especially in the emotion—sensingregions of the brain’s anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex．The brains could not distinguish说明它malfunction，故排除[A]。Heart属于身体的一部分，由于a disconnection in the neural link be—tween the brain and heart，所以the heart或者body不能听从brain发出的关于对他人面部表隋判断的指令。故排除[B][D]。故正确答案为[C]，aggressive言过其实。
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